The Effect of Instagram Photo Manipulation on Body Image Among Indonesian Emerging Adult Women and Social Comparison Frequency as Covariate: An Experimental Study
Keywords:
body image, social comparison, Instagram, photo manipulation , emerging adultsAbstract
This experimental study examined the impact of manipulated Instagram photos on body image among Indonesian emerging adult women, with social comparison frequency included as a covariate. A total of 62 women aged 18–29 were randomly assigned to view either unedited or digitally edited influencer photos. Body image was assessed using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS), while appearance-based social comparison frequency was measured using a single-item Likert scale. The results showed no significant differences in body image scores between the edited and unedited photo groups. However, social comparison frequency significantly influenced body image across multiple dimensions. The use of a single-item measure limited the scope of the construct, capturing only comparison frequency and omitting other psychological aspects such as directionality or emotional response. These findings suggest that frequent comparison behavior may play a more substantial role in shaping body image than exposure to manipulated visuals alone. The study highlights the importance of accounting for individual tendencies when evaluating media effects and encourages further research that integrates psychological, cultural, and technological factors to better understand body image in the digital age.
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