Relationship Between Religious Orientation and Multicultural Attitude Among College Student

Authors

  • Hana Utomo Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
  • Eko A. Meinarno Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia

Keywords:

Multicultural attitude, religious orientation

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between religious orientation and multicultural attitude among university students. The participants were 218 undergraduate students aged 18-25 (M=20,95; SD=1,25). Religious Orientation Scale (Allport & Ross, 1967) and Munroe Multicultural Attitude Scale Questionnaire (Munroe & Pearson, 2006) were used. Spearman Correlation analysis found no significant relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and multicultural attitude (rs(216) = -0,001, p = 0,492) and between extrinsic religious orientation and multicultural attitude (rs(216) = 0,067, p = 0,161). The results implied the need for further research on religious subjective experience among college students.

References

Adam, J. (2010). How ordinary folk became involved in the Ambonese conflict: Understanding private opportunities during communal violence. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 166(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003624

Akoglu, H. (2018). User’s guide to correlation coefficients. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(3), 91–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjem.2018.08.001

Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021212

Arifin, E. N., Ananta, A., Wilujeng Wahyu Utami, D. R., Budi Handayani, N., & Pramono, A. (2015). Quantifying Indonesia’s Ethnic Diversity: Statistics at National, Provincial, and District levels. Asian Population Studies, 11(3), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2015.1090692

Arnett, J. J. (2018). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach (6th ed.). Pearson.

Asiamah, N., Mensah, H. K., Fosu Oteng-Abayie, E., & Kofi Mensah, H. (2017). Do larger samples really lead to more precise estimates? A simulation study. American Journal of Educational Research, 5(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-5-1-2

Chalid, H. (2018). Freedom of religion in the midst of Indonesia’s plural society. The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 16(1), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1433515

Dandy, J., & Pe-Pua, R. (2010). Attitudes to multiculturalism, immigration and cultural diversity: Comparison of dominant and non-dominant groups in three Australian states. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(1), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.10.003

Egho, D., & Panggabean, H. (2021). Hubungan religiositas dengan multikulturalisme pada guru agama sekolah negeri di Jakarta. Jurnal Perkotaan, 12(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.25170/perkotaan.v12i1.1337

Focquaert, F., Steven, M. S., Wolford, G. L., Colden, A., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (2007). Empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in the sciences and humanities. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(3), 619–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004

Fowers, B. J., & Richardson, F. C. (1996). Why is multiculturalism good? American Psychologist, 51(6), 609–621. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.51.6.609

Genia, V. (1993). A psychometric evaluation of the Allport-Ross I/E scales in a religiously heterogeneous sample. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 32(3), 284. https://doi.org/10.2307/1386667

Gravetter, F. J., & Forzano, L.-A. B. (2018). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Gravetter, F. J., & Wallnau, L. B. (2017). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Hello, E., Scheepers, P., Vermulst, A., & Gerris, J. R. M. (2004). Association between educational attainment and ethnic distance in young adults: Socialization by schools or parents? Acta Sociologica, 47(3), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699304046222

Hoon, C. Y. (2017). Putting religion into multiculturalism: Conceptualising religious multiculturalism in Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 41(3), 476–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2017.1334761

Huat, C. B. (2002). Multiculturalism in Island South-East Asian. Antropologi Indonesia, 69, 118–123. https://doi.org/10.7454/ai.v0i69.3449

Karatekin, K., Akcaoğlu, M. Ö., & Taban, M. H. (2019). A comparative study on multicultural attitude of university students: Austria, Hungary and Turkey sample. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 8(4), 36–55. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v8i4.2238

Kidron, R., Kaganovskiy, L., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2018). Empathizing-systemizing cognitive styles: Effects of sex and academic degree. PLoS ONE, 13(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194515

Kristianto, N. A., & Jannah, M. (2014). Hubungan antara sikap terhadap core values dengan efikasi diri pada pemain national basketball league. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 2(13), 1–6.

Meinarno, E. A. (2009). Gambaran orientasi relijius pada masyarakat di Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Mind Set, 1(01), 45–54. http://journal.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php/mindset/article/view/117

Muhid, A. (2020). Religious tolerance among college students: How it’s influenced by religious orientation and personality traits? Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 17(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.26555/humanitas.v17i1.12222

Munif, A. (2018). Potret masyarakat multikultural di Indonesia. Journal Multicultural of Islamic Education, 2(1), 1–10. https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/ims/article/view/1219

Munroe, A., & Pearson, C. (2006). The Munroe Multicultural Attitude Scale Questionnaire: A new instrument for multicultural studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(5), 819–834. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405285542

Paloutzian, R. F. (2017). Invitation to the psychology of religion (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr0703_9

Panggabean, S. R., Alam, R. H., & Fauzi, I. A. (2010). The patterns of religious conflict in Indonesia (1990-2008). Studi Islamika: Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies, 17(2), 239–298.

Papalia, D. E., & Martorell, G. (2021). Experience human development (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Park, C. L. (2021). Intrinsic and extrinsic religious motivation: Retrospect and prospect. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 31(3), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2021.1916241

Permatasari, I., Milla, M. N., Lestari, S., Yusya, N., Adira, N., & Baswara, B. (2020). Adaptasi alat ukur Munroe Multicultural Attitude Scale Questionnaire versi Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 18(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.17

Rosenthal, L., & Levy, S. R. (2010). The colorblind, multicultural, and polycultural ideological approaches to improving intergroup attitudes and relations. Social Issues and Policy Review, 4(1), 215–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2409.2010.01022.x

Schulze, K. E. (2017). The “ethnic” in Indonesia’s communal conflicts: violence in Ambon, Poso, and Sambas. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(12), 2096–2114. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1277030

Shaver, J. H., Troughton, G., Sibley, C. G., & Bulbulia, J. A. (2016). Religion and the unmaking of prejudice toward muslims: Evidence from a large national sample. PLoS ONE, 11(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150209

Tamir, C., Connaughton, A., & Salazar, A. M. (2020). The global god divide. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/

Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A., & Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20(15), 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00123-9

van de Vijver, F. J. R., Breugelmans, S. M., & Schalk-Soekar, S. R. G. (2008). Multiculturalism: Construct validity and stability. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2007.11.001

Whitley, B. E., & Webster, G. D. (2019). The relationships of intergroup ideologies to ethnic prejudice: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23(3), 207–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318761423

Yunanto, S., & Damayanti, A. (2022). Religion and power comparing political landscape in the religious conflicts in Poso and Maluku. Advances in Politics and Economics, 5(1), p99. https://doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n1p99

Downloads

Published

31-05-2026

Issue

Section

Articles