LEGAL ASPECT OF ONLINE ARBITRATION IN EUROPEAN UNION AND CHINA

Manja Indah Sari

Abstract


Indonesia is highly regarded as a country with the biggest e-commerce market in South-East Asia. This creates an urgency for the Indonesian government to offer an efficient and effective dispute resolution mechanism to settle dispute arising from e-commerce transaction. Online arbitration as an arbitration conducted online through means of internet and technology may provide solution to the disputes arising from e-commerce transactions. Thus, this article sets out the legal aspect of online arbitration in European Union and China as countries with the most developed online arbitration and largest market of e-commerce. The author will use normative research through comparative, statue approach and will be based on the regulations from primary and secondary resources.

            This article compares six aspects of online arbitration in European Union and China, covering the arbiter, role of government, scope, procedure, enforcement, and factors affecting enforcement. The comparison may give further recommendation on the prospective of online arbitration in Indonesia.


Keywords


e-commerce, online arbitration, dispute resolution.



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i2.1882

Full Text:

PDF

References


REGULATIONS Law No. 30 Year 1999 on Alternative Dispute Resolution and Arbitration CIETAC Online Arbitration Rules 1 May 2009 Regulation No. 524/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Alternative Dispute Resolution for Consumer Disputes Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on Alternative Dispute Resolution for Consumer Disputes BOOKS Bansal, Ashwinie Kumar. Arbitration & ADR. New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 2009. Born, Gary. International Commercial Arbitration. Hague: Kluewe Law International, 2009. Kamil, Hutrin, and M. Ali Mansyur. Kajian Hukum Online Dispure Resolution di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999. Semarang: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, 2014. Katsh, Ethan, Cyber Law: Issues Affecting the Internet and Its Governance. Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2001. Kauffman-Kohler, Gabrielle, and Thomas Schultz. Online Dispute Resolution: Challenges for Contemporary Justice. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2004. Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian Republik Indonesia, Pedoman Investor Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa di Kawasan Hutan. Net Neutrals EU. Online Dispute Resolution: An International Business Approach to Solving Consumer Complaints. Author House, 2015. Nolan-Haley, Jacqueline M. Alternative dispute resolution in a nutshell. St Paul: West, 2013. Redfern, Alan., and Martin Hunter. Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration. London: Sweet and Maxwell, 2004. Sitompul, Asril. Hukum Internet: Pengenalan Mengenai Masalah Hukum di Cyberspace. Bandung: PT Cira Aditya Bakti, 2001. Subekti, R. Kumpulan Karangan Hukum Perakita, Arbitrase, dan Peradilan. Bandung, 1980. Tang, Zheng Sophia. Electronic Consumer Contracts in the Conflicts of Laws. Portland: Hart Publishing Ltd, 2015. Thanasankit, Theerasak. E-Commerce and Cultural Values. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing, 2003. Ware, Stephen J. Alternative Dispute Resolution. West Academic Publishing, 2001. Yuniarti, Rahmi. Sengketa dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Waralaba. Lampung: Universitas Lampung, 2016. JOURNALS Albornoz, Maria Mercedez, and Nuria Gonzalez Martin. "Feasibility Analysis of Online Dispute Resolution in Developing Countries." The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 44, no. 1 (2012): 39-61. Beridze, Tamuna. “New Consumer Protection Directive on Alternative Dispute Resolution and Regulation on Online Dispute Resolution Challenge or Effective Tool for Protecting Consumer Rights?”. Central European Law Conference for Students, Strengthening the Rule of Law in the EU, (2016), 163-179. Bordone, Robert C. “Electronic Online Dispute Resolution: A Systems Approach-Potential Problems and A Proposal”. Harvard Negotiation Law Review 3, (1998). Cosabic, Jasna. “Law – A Challenge of Dispute Resolution”, Research Institute for European and American Studies, (2016), 1-5. Hanriot, Maxime. “Online Dispute Resolution as A Solution to Cross Border Consumer Disputes: The Enforcement of Outcomes”. McGill Journal of Dispute Resolution 2, no. 1 (2016), 1-22. Hornle, Julia. “Online Dispute Resolution – The Emperor’s New Clothes”. International Review of Law, Computer, and Technology 17, (2003), 27-37. Nenstiel, Andra Leigh. "Online Dispute Resolution: A Canada-United States Initiative." Canada-United States Law Journal 32, no. 1 (2006). Ponte, Lucille M. “Boosting Consumer Confidence in E-business: Recommendations for Establishing Fair and Effective Dispute Resolution Programs for B2C Online Transactions”. (2002). Widyorini, Sri Retno. “Penyelesaian Sengketa dengan Cara Arbitrase”. Hukum dan Dinamika Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (2006), 56-66. Xue, Hong. “Online Dispute Resolution for E-Commerce in China: Present Practices and Future Developments”. Hong Kong Law Journal 34, no.2 (2004), 377-399. INTERNET MEDIA CCPIT, “About US”, CCPIT, http://www.ccpit.org.cn/contact.asp?action=about. Danielle Long, “China’s ecommerce market to pas $1.1tn in 2017”, The Drum ,http://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/07/05/china-s-ecommerce-market-pass-11tn-2017. European Commission, “Alternative and Online Dispute Resolution (ADR/ODR)”, European Commision, http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/solving_consumer_disputes/non-judicial_redress/adr-odr/. European Union, “Countries”, European Union, https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/countries_en. EUR-Lex, “National law”, Eur-Lex, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/collection/n-law.html. European Commission, “Consumers”, European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr/main/index.cfm?event=main.adr.printFullADRAsPdf Kementerian Sekretariat Negara 2017. "Membuka dan Mengembangkan Potensi E-Commerce di Indonesia." PresidenRI.go.id., http://presidenri.go.id/berita-aktual/membuka-dan-mengembangkan-potensi-e-commerce-di-indonesia.html. Setiawan, Sakina Rakhma Diah, “E-Commerce Apa yang Pimpin Indonesia?”, Kompas, https://money.kompas.com/read/2019/08/26/122218226/e-commerce-apa-yang-pimpin-pasar-indonesia, The World Bank. "Indonesia Overview." The World Bank. Accessed June 19, 2017. http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia/overview. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, “Technical Notes on Online Dispute Resolution (2016), http://www.uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/odr/2016Technical_notes.html Vera Jourova, “Settling Consumer Disputes Online”, European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/solving_consumer_disputes/docs/adr-odr.factsheet_web.pdf. "Litigate." Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/litigate “Pertumbuhan E-Commerce Pesat di Indonesia”, Warta Ekonomi, https://www.wartaekonomi.co.id/read216302/pertumbuhan-e-commerce-pesat-di-indonesia.html, “Indonesia’s E-Commerce Sales Predicted to Reach US$65b in 2022”, Jakarta Post, https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/12/10/indonesias-e-commerce-sales-predicted-to-reach-us65b-in-2022.html


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Law Review

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.