Studi Komparasi Hak Cipta Atas Proses Data Scrapping AI di Indonesia, Uni Eropa, dan Amerika

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has encouraged the massive use of data scraping to collect algorithm training materials. However, this practice raises new legal issues related to copyright infringement, moral rights, and economic rights of creators. This study compares the legal approaches of the European Union, the United States, and Indonesia in regulating copyright issues in the context of data scraping for AI training. The results of the analysis show that the European Union, through the Artificial Intelligence Act and GDPR, emphasizes transparency, consent, and protection of the moral rights of creators as the main pillars. The United States relies on the principle of fair use with broad interpretation space, but faces litigation challenges and uncertainty of protection for creators. Indonesia, meanwhile, does not yet have specific regulations governing scraping in the context of AI, so that national creative works are vulnerable to exploitation without adequate protection. This study recommends that Indonesia immediately develop regulations that require transparency of datasets, attribution, and compensation for the use of works in AI training, in order to maintain a balance between technological innovation and protection of intellectual property rights.

Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) telah mendorong penggunaan data scraping secara masif untuk mengumpulkan materi pelatihan algoritma. Namun, praktik ini menimbulkan persoalan hukum baru terkait pelanggaran hak cipta, hak moral, dan hak ekonomi pencipta. Penelitian ini membandingkan pendekatan hukum Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, dan Indonesia dalam mengatur isu hak cipta dalam konteks data scraping untuk pelatihan AI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Uni Eropa, melalui Artificial Intelligence Act dan GDPR, menekankan transparansi, persetujuan, dan perlindungan hak moral pencipta sebagai pilar utama. Amerika Serikat mengandalkan prinsip fair use dengan ruang interpretasi luas, namun menghadapi tantangan litigasi dan ketidakpastian perlindungan bagi kreator. Indonesia, sementara itu, belum memiliki regulasi khusus yang mengatur scraping dalam konteks AI, sehingga karya kreatif nasional rentan dieksploitasi tanpa perlindungan memadai. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar Indonesia segera mengembangkan regulasi yang mewajibkan transparansi dataset, atribusi, dan kompensasi penggunaan karya dalam pelatihan AI, demi menjaga keseimbangan antara inovasi teknologi dan perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual.