Perlindungan Kesehatan Masyarakat sebagai Justifikasi dari Tobacco Plain Packaging Act
Abstract
Abstract
Globalization and the rise of international trade of goods and services influence human health - can be both positive and negative. In order to strike a balance between trade and health, policy coherence at the country level is the key to achieve it. The first step towards policy coherence is the development of a good understanding of the issues, based on the analysis of the situation from both a health and trade perspective. This paper discusses on how to strike a balance between trade and health by referring to the latest plain packaging case which brought to WTO dispute settlement forum. After a long process, finally the Panel ruled in favor of the respondent, in this case Australia for their plain packaging policy. The Panel found that there is no alternative measure that can achieve the same objective – for public health which allows Australia to continue the implementation of their plain packaging policy.
Abstrak
Globalisasi dan perkembangan perdagangan internasional pada barang maupun jasa mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia, dalam hal ini pengaruh dapat bersifat positif maupun negatif. Untuk dapat menyeimbangkan kepentingan perdagangan dan perlindungan kesehatan, koherensi kebijakan di tingkat negara memegang peranan yang penting. Langkah pertama dalam koherensi kebijakan ini dapat dimulai dengan adanya pemahaman yang baik terhadap isu terkait dengan didasarkan pada analisa situasi dari sisi perdagangan maupun kesehatan. Tulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana menyeimbangkan kepentingan perdagangan dan kesehatan dengan mengacu pada studi kasus plain packaging yang dibawa pada sistem penyelesaian sengketa WTO. Setelah melewati proses yang panjang, akhirnya Panel WTO berpihak pada responden/pihak tergugat dalam kasus ini yaitu Australia. Panel menyatakan bahwa tidak ada kebijakan alternatif yang dapat diterapkan untuk dapat memenuhi tujuan yang sama, yakni perlindungan kesehatan masyarakat yang mana memperbolehkan Australia untuk tetap melanjutkan penerapan kebijakan plain packaging yang sudah dimulai sejak tahun 2012.
Keywords
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i1.1196
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Perjanjian Internasional
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC)
WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding
WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)
WTO General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Kasus WTO
DS434: Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging
DS435: Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging
DS441: Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging
DS458: Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging
DS467: Australia – Certain Measures Concerning Trademarks, Geographical Indications and Other Plain Packaging Requirements Applicable to Tobacco Products and Packaging
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