BELANJA PEMERINTAH DAN PERANGKAP KEMISKINAN: ANALISIS WILAYAH TIMUR DAN BARAT INDONESIA
Trefwoorden:
Pengentasan kemiskinan, Belanja Pemerintah, Dana DesaSamenvatting
Kemiskinan telah menjadi masalah serius diseluruh negara dan merupakan fokus pencapaian tujuan pertama pembangunan berkelanjutan yang harus dicapai pada tahun 2030. Indonesia berambisi mancapai kemiskinan nol persen di 2045, dengan tantangan penurunan penduduk miskin yang relatif landai dan disparitas kemiskinan antarkawasan. Studi ini mencoba menguji pengaruh belanja pemerintah di bidang pelindungan sosial, pendidikan dan kesehatan, serta kebijakan dana desa terhadap kemiskinan antarkawasan di Indonesia menggunakan data realisasi belanja dan dana desa di seluruh kabupaten dan kota di Indonesia periode tahun 2016-2022 yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode data panel. Temuan menunjukan di KBI, dana desa konsisten mengurangi semua indikator kemiskinan (jumlah, kedalaman/P1, keparahan/P2), belanja kesehatan efektif mengurangi P1 dan P2, tetapi tidak jumlah kemiskinan, sementara itu belanja pendidikan dan perlindungan sosial justru memperburuk kemiskinan. Di KTI, belanja perlindungan sosial meningkatkan semua indikator kemiskinan, dana desa mengurangi jumlah kemiskinan, tetapi memperburuk P1 dan P2, sementara itu belanja pendidikan dan kesehatan, konsisten mengurangi semua dimensi kemiskinan. Temuan ini menunjukkan KBI lebih unggul dalam pemanfaatan dana desa, tetapi perlu reformasi belanja pendidikan dan perlindungan sosial. Sebaliknya KTI lebih baik dalam belanja pendidikan dan kesehatan, tetapi perlu evaluasi mendasar terhadap alokasi dana desa dan program perlindungan sosial.
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