Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Artificial Intellegence Dalam Aspek Penyalahgunaan Deepfake Technology Pada Perspektif UU PDP dan GDPR [Legal Protection of Artificial Intellegence in Misusage of Deepfake Technology in the Perspective of PDP Law and GDPR]

Jeremiah Maximillian Laza, Rizky Karo Karo

Abstract


Deepfake is a hyper-realistic video that applies AI to depict a person saying and doing things that never happened using face-swapping that leaves little trace of evidence that the video was manipulated. Deepfake is a product of AI that combines, stitches, replaces and superimposes images and video clips to make a fake video look like it's real, and the video is said by the person when in reality the person whose face is replaced in the video never said or acted that way. The legal issue that arises from Deepfake is misinformation, disinformation and fraud, so there needs to be a law governing Deepfake, where in the European Union, regulations related to Deepfake are indirectly contained in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and in Indonesia itself there is Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). The formulation of the problem to be studied is how the legal protection of AI Deepfake in terms of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. The research method used here is normative, where positive law in Indonesia and in the European Union will be used to analyze. In conclusion, Deepfake is not specifically regulated in either the PDP Law or GDPR, but because AI uses data to develop, the PDP Law and GDPR can still be relevant and can regulate to a certain degree regarding AI.

Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Deepfake merupakan video hiper-realistis yang menerapkan AI untuk menggambarkan seseorang mengatakan dan melakukan hal-hal yang tidak pernah terjadi. Misalnya dengan membuat pertukaran wajah yang meninggalkan sedikit jejak bukti ada manipulasi terhadap video tersebut. Deepfake merupakan suatu produk AI yang menggabungkan, mempersatukan, mengganti dan menempatkan gambar maupun klip video palsu tampak seperti video itu asli, dan video tersebut seolah-olah beisi perkataan atau berbuatan orang yang wajahnya muncul dalam video. Namun, kenyataan yang berbicara adalah orang pengganti yang wajahnya tidak muncul dalam video tersebut. Isu hukum yang muncul dari deepfake adalah tidak ada pengaturan hukum yang berisi rumusan kaidah yang mengatur larangan melakukan deepfake sebagai misinformasi, disinformasi serta penipuan. Oleh sebab itu penulis melakukan penelitian untuk menemukan peraturan dalam undang-undang yang ada rumusan yang dapat dipergunakan untuk meminta pertanggungjawaban hukum dari pelaku deepfake. Penulis berpendapat bahwa pengaturan deepfake secara tidak langsung tertuang pada General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), dan di Indonesia sendiri ada Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP). Oleh karenanya, masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penggunaan pengaturan deepfake dalam General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) dan bagaimana UU PDP Indonesia meminta pertanggungjawaban hukum dari pelaku deepfake sebagai tindak pidana penipuan atau membuat berita bohong. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Dikumpulkan dan dibahas aturan hukum positif di Indonesia dan Uni Eropa sebagai sumber bahan hukum primer, serta kepustakaan yang terkait sebagai sumber bahan hukum sekunder. Ditemukan bahwa karena deepfake itu adalah AI yang menggunakan data atau informasi elektronik, maka UU PDP dan GDPR relevan digunakan untuk dipelajari pengaturan tentang larangan manipulasi AI untuk misinformasi, disinformasi atau penipuan serta pembuatan berita bohong di cyberworld.


Keywords


Artificial Intelligence; Deepfake; disinformation; disinformasi



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/lp.v1i2.7386

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