The Demoniac of Gadarenes as a Portrait of the Perilous Time (καιροὶ χαλεποί): An Eschatological Reflection on the Nigerian Church and Society [Roh-roh Jahat di dalam Diri Orang-Orang Gadara sebagai Potret dari Zaman yang Penuh Bahaya (καιροὶ χαλεποί): Sebuah Refleksi Eskatologis tentang Gereja dan Masyarakat Nigeria]

Rotimi Paul Oluwatoba, Ayodele Atowoju, Samuel Sunday Alamu

Abstract


The primary focus of this paper is the eschatological implication of the Greek word χαλεποί -perilous or fierce, from its description of human society in the last days as καιροὶ χαλεποί -perilous time (II Timothy 3:1) and its use in describing the horrifying or fierce experiences of the maniac of Gadara (Mathew 8:28). Academic discussions on eschatology have largely been focused on cataloguing the catastrophic unfolding end time events, such as natural disasters, wars, global outbreak of diseases, Israel diplomatic relations and their prophetic timeline. The general depravity of the human society as a prophetic dimension of the end time has not received its deserved attention. This study, through qualitative research, assessed the theological, eschatological and socio-ethical implications of the end time depravities (χαλεποί) on Nigerian society. There is a connection between demonic activities, as in the maniac of Gadarenes, and the identified bizarre human activities in and outside the Nigerian Church. Spiritual discernment, disengagement from corrupt personalities and discipleship of future leadership are recommended for the preservation of the end-time church.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT

Fokus utama dari makalah ini adalah penerapan eskatologis dari kata Yunani χαλεποί -berbahaya atau ganas, dari gambarannya tentang masyarakat di akhir zaman sebagai καιροὶ χαλεποί -waktu yang berbahaya (II Timotius 3:1) dan penggunaannya untuk menggambarkan pengalaman mengerikan atau ganas dari orang yang kerasukan di Gadara (Matius 8:28). Diskusi akademis tentang eskatologi sebagian besar terfokus pada penggambaran mengenai bencana yang akan terjadi di akhir zaman, seperti bencana alam, peperangan, wabah penyakit global, hubungan diplomatis Israel, dan garis waktu nubuatannya. Kebobrokan umum dari masyarakat manusia sebagai dimensi nubuatan kenabian dari akhir zaman belum mendapatkan perhatian yang seharusnya. Penelitian ini, yang dilaksanakan melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, ditujukan untuk mengevaluasi secara teologis, eskatologis, dan dampak sosio-etis dari kebobrokan akhir zaman (χαλεποί) pada masyarakat Nigeria. Terdapat hubungan antara tindakan-tindakan kerasukan, seperti dalam kasus orang kerasukan di Gadara, dan tindakan-tindakan tidak lazim lainnya yang teridentifikasi di dalam dan di luar Gereja Nigeria. Penulis menghimbau agar gereja di Nigeria memiliki ketajaman rohani, dan jangan melibatkan diri dengan pemimpin gereja yang memiliki kepribadian yang tercemari oleh kesesatan.


Keywords


καιροὶ χαλεποί; perilous times; maniac of Gadarenes; end-time church; eschatological implicatons; nigerian society



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/dil.v6i2.8282

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