Transformative Learning Theory: Suatu Proposal untuk Melengkapi Ide Liberal Arts Arthur Holmes di dalam Aplikasinya bagi Pendidikan Tinggi Kristen [Transformative Learning Theory: A Proposal to Complement Arthur Holmes’ Idea of Liberal Arts in Its Application for Higher Christian Education]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/dil.v2i2.2232Keywords:
Liberal Arts, Transformative Learning Theory, Christian Higher Education, an Educated PersonAbstract
This research is generated from the longing to re-actualize Christian higher education significant impact. Intentionally, this research is addressed to complement the idea of Liberal Arts by Arthur F. Holmes, as an effort to re-actualize an integrated Christian higher education. Therefore, this research is mainly focused on Holmes thoughts on Liberal Arts and his ideas on Christian higher education, continued by analysing on how his purpose can be supported by the implementation principles of transformative learning theory. Transformative learning theory will be discussed specifically before being compared to Liberal Arts as to figure out the potential formula for collaboration. This research is not intended to solve all existing problems of Liberal Arts and transformative learning theory, as well is not resulted in a curriculum design and its application. This research is intended to explain theoretical - philosophical as the beginning of an idea of the potential collaboration between Liberal Arts and transformative learning theory. This paper will explore the possibility of applicative integration between Liberal Arts and transformative learning theory. The finding will be obtained by exploring the role of transformative learning theory for Liberal Arts in fulfilling the profile of an educated person, in accordance with the ideals of Holmes through Liberal Arts education.References
Arum, R. dan J. Roska. Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226028576.001.0001
Barahamin, Andre. “Kegalauan Kritik terhadap Pendidikan Tinggi di Indonesia.” Harian IndoPROGRESS, 14 Januari 2015. https://indoprogress.com/2015/01/kegalauan-kritik-terhadap-pendidikan-tinggi-di-indonesia/ (accessed 16 Juli 2017).
Barber, James, Patricia M. King, and Marcia B. Baxter Magolda. “Long Strides on the Journey toward Self-Authorship: Substantial Development Shifts in College Students’ Meaning Making.” The Journal of Higher Education 84, no.6 (2013): 866-895. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2013.11777313
Blake, William N. “The Pursuit of Divine Wisdom.” Contra Mundum no. 5 (Fall 1992): 1-5. response by The Didascalicon of Hugh of St. Victor: A Medieval Guide to the Arts, Translated by Jerome Taylor. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1991.
Cannister, Mark. “Christian Liberal Arts College and University Interviews: response by Mark Cannister: Gordon College.” Christian Education Journal 6 no. 1 (2009): S-80(5). Gale Academic OneFile (accessed May 24, 2020).
Cassiodorus. An Introduction to Divine and Human Readings. Translated by L. W. Jones. New York, NY: Octagon Books, 1966.
Christie, Michael, Michael Carey, Ann Robertson, and Peter Grainger. “Putting Transformative Learning Theory into Practice.” Australian Journal of Adult Learning 55, No. 1 (2015): 9-30.
Conway, Pierre H. and Benedict M. Ashley. The Liberal Arts in St. Thomas Aquinas. Washington, DC: Thomist Press, 1959. https://doi.org/10.1353/tho.1959.0030
Cranton, P., ed. “New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education.” Transformative Learning in Action: Insights from Practice 74. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1997.
Cranton, P. “Self-directed and Transformative Instructional Development.” Journal of Higher Education 65, no. 6 (1994): 726-44. https://doi.org/10.2307/2943826
Derrick, Christopher. Escape from Scepticism: Liberal Education as if Truth Mattered. LaSalle, IL: Sherwood Sugden and Co., 1977.
Erickson, Joyce Q. “Career Education in a Christian Liberal Arts Setting.” Christian Scholars’ Review 6 (1976): 167-179.
Garber, Steven. The Fabric of Faithfulness: Weaving Together Belief and Behavior During the University Years. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996.
Glanzer, Perry L. “The Missing Factor in Higher Education.” Christianity Today, March 2012.
Heifetz, R. Leadership without Easy Answers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Henry, Douglas V. dan Michael D. Beaty, eds. Christianity and The Soul of the University: Faith as a Foundation for Intellectual Community. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2006.
Henry, Douglas V. dan Bob R. Agee, eds. Faithful Learning and the Christian Scholarly Vocation. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2003.
Holmes, Arthur F. All Truth is God’s Truth. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1977.
Holmes, Arthur F. Building the Christian Academy. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001.
Holmes, Arthur F. Contours of a Worldview. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdsman, 1983.
Holmes, Arthur F. The Idea of a Christian College. Edition revised. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1975.
Hugh of St. Victor. “The Soul’s Three Ways of Seeing.” in Hugh of St. Victor Selected Spiritual Writing, Translated by The Community of St. Mary the Virgin, Wantage. New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1962.
Imel, Susan. Transformative Learning in Adulthood. Washington, DC: Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1998.
Kegan, Robert. In Over Our Heads: The Mental Demands of Modern Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Kegan, Robert. “What “Form” Transforms? A Constructive-Developmental Approach to Transformative Learning.” in Learning as Transformation: Critical Perspectives on a Theory in Progress, edited by Jack Mezirow and associates, 35-69. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2000.
Kegan, Robert and L. L. Lahey. Immunity to Change: How to Overcome It and Unlock the Potential in Yourself and Your Organization. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2009.
Kerr, Clark. The Uses of the University. Edition 5. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.
Kimball, Bruce A. Orators and Philosophers: A History of the Idea of Liberal Education. New York, NY: Teachers College Press, 1986.
King, Patricia M. “Student Learning.” in Student Services: A Handbook for the Profession, edited by J. H. Schub, S. R. Jones, and S. R. Harper, 207-225. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2011.
King, Patricia M. and K. S. Kitchener. Developing Reflective Judgment: Understanding and Promoting Intellectual Growth and Critical Thinking in Adolescents and Adults. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1994.
King, Patricia M. and Marcia B. Baxter Magolda. “A Developmental Model of Intercultural Maturity.” Journal of College Student Development 46, no. 6 (2005): 571-592. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2005.0060
Magolda, M. B. Baxter. Creating Contexts for Learning and Self-Authorship: Constructive-Developmental Pedagogy. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1999.
Magolda, M. B. Baxter. “Self-Authorship as the Common Goal of 21st-century Education,” in M. B. Baxter Magolda and P. M. King, eds., Learning Partnerships: Theory and Models of Practice to Educate for Self-Authorship, 1-35. Sterling, VA: Stylus, 2004.
Maurer, Armand, trans. Thomas’ Commentary on Boethius’ De Trinitate. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1986.
Mezirow, Jack. Fostering Critical Reflection in Adulthood: A Guide to Transformative and Emancipatory Learning. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1990.
Mezirow, Jack. “Learning to Think Like an Adult.” In Learning as Transformation: Critical Perspective on a Theory in Progress, edited by Jack Mezirow and Associates, 3-33. San fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2000.
Mezirow, Jack. Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1991.
Mezirow, Jack. “Transformative Learning and Cultural Context: A Reply to Clark and Wilson.” Adult Education Quarterly 41, no. 3 (1991): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001848191041003004
Mezirow, Jack.. ”Transformative Learning: Theory to Practice.” In “New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education. ” Transformative Learning in Action: Insights from Practice 74, edited by Patricia Cranton, 5-12. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.7401
Mezirow, Jack. “Understanding Transformation Theory.” Adult Education Quarterly 44, no. 4 (1994): 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369404400403
Mezirow, Jack dan Associates. Learning as Transformation: Critical Perspective on a Theory in Progress. San fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2000.
Miles, Jack. “Three Differences between an Academic and an Intellectual: What Happens to the Liberal Arts when They Are Kicked Off Campus?” Cross Currents 49, no. 3 (1999): 303-318.
Moberg, David O. “The Future of Christian Higher Education 1: Systems and Secularization.” The Reformed Journal (April 1975): 13-16.
Palmer, Parker J. The Courage to Teach: Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher’s Life. San Fansisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1998.
Pascarella, E. T. et al. “How Robust are the Findings of Academically Adrift? Evidence from the Wabash National Study.” Change 43, no. 3 (2011): 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2011.568898
Perry, W. G. Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme. Troy, MO: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
Polkinghorne, John C. “Christian Interdisciplinarity.” Dalam Christianity and the Soul of the University: Faith as a Foundation for Intellectual Community, edited by Douglas V. Henry dan Michael D. Beaty, 49-64. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2006.
Seneca, Epistle 88. “On Liberal and Vocational Studies.” In Seneca ad Lucilium, Epistulae Morales, Leob Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1917.
Taylor, Jerome. The Didascalicon of Hugh St. Victor: A Medieval Guide to the Arts. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1961.
Van Til, Nick. Reviews of Idea of a Christian College by Arthur F. Holmes. Pro Rege 3, no. 4 (1975): 25-27.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website). The final published PDF should be used and bibliographic details that credit the publication in this journal should be included