Music-Centered Approach in Music Therapy: A Scoping Review [Pendekatan Music-Centered dalam Terapi Musik: Sebuah Kajian Menyeluruh]
Abstract
Penerapan model dalam praktik terapi musik didasarkan pada orientasi teoritis yang berperan penting dalam landasan teoritis praktis klinis, pendidikan dan identitas terapis profesional, penelitian ilmiah, dan hubungan interprofessional. Konsep dari pendekatan music-centered pada musik ini masih diperdebatkan oleh para profesional dalam terapi musik hingga hari ini karena konsep dasar yang masih berbeda di antara para praktisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari konsep dan karakteristik utama dari pendekatan music-centered dalam terapi musik dari berbagai literatur yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1985-2018. Metode scoping review dengan pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan mengikuti kerangka Arksey & O’Malley untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian melalui proses pencarian dan seleksi literatur yang sistematis, ekstraksi data, serta analisis tematik dan numerik deskriptif. Gagasan mengenai konsep utama dan karakteristik dari pendekatan yang berpusat pada musik ditemukan dalam 41 studi yang ditulis oleh 28 penulis individu dan 3 penulis kelompok. Aigen adalah penulis dengan kontribusi ide terbesar (15,22%), dan Amerika Serikat mendominasi distribusi geografis yang terdapat pada literatur (52,17%). Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy adalah model yang paling dikenal yang mewakili pendekatan music-centered (n=15). Berbagai celah dan isu pengetahuan dibahas, termasuk isu-isu mendasar terkait dengan pengembangan landasan teori dalam profesi terapi musik dan isu aksesibilitas informasi dengan dominasi Bahasa dan budaya yang menyertainya.
The application of a model in music therapy practice is based on a theoretical orientation that plays an important role in the theoretical foundation of clinical practice, education and professional identity of therapists, scientific research, and interprofessional relations. The concept of music-centered approach is still debated by music therapy professionals to this day because its fundamental concepts still differs among practitioners. This research aimed to study the main concepts and characteristics of the music-centered approach in music therapy from various literatures published in 1985-2018. The scoping review method with a qualitative approach was used by following the framework of Arksey & O’Malley to answer research questions through a systematic literature search and selection process, data extraction, as well as thematic and descriptive numerical analysis. Ideas about the main concepts and characteristics of the music-centered approach are found in 41 pieces of literature written by 28 individual authors and 3 group authors. Aigen is the author with the largest contribution of ideas (15,22%), and the United States dominates the geographical distribution of the literature (52,17%). Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy is the most identified model representing music-centered approach (n=15). Various knowledge gaps and issues were discussed, including fundamental issues related to the development of theoretical foundations in the music therapy profession and the issue of information accessibility with accompanying language and cultural dominance.
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