Peran Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia sebagai Presiden Global Network on Electoral Justice (Gnej) dalam Upaya Diplomasi Peradilan Pemilu Periode Tahun 2022-2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/verity.v17i33.9540Keywords:
Peradilan Pemilu, , Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum, Organisasi Internasional, Diplomasi, Global Network on Electoral Justice (GNEJ), Cooperation, Election Supervisory Board of the Republic of Indonesia, International Organizations, diplomacy, Global Network on Electoral JusticeAbstract
The dynamic state of democracy and the challenges of election administration place the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) as a key institution in safeguarding democratic integrity in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach using literature review and document analysis to examine Bawaslu's role in the context of international engagement, particularly through its involvement in the Global Network on Electoral Justice (GNEJ). The findings reveal that Bawaslu’s active participation in GNEJ especially its election as President of GNEJ for the 2022–2023 period, following its previous role as Regional Vice President for Asia has significantly strengthened Indonesia’s institutional diplomacy on a global scale. This leadership position has enabled Bawaslu to promote Indonesia’s electoral justice system and foster cross-national collaboration toward fair and inclusive electoral justice. The successful organization of the 5th Plenary Assembly of GNEJ stands as a strategic milestone reflecting Bawaslu’s commitment to regional and global democratic advancement. The study concludes that Bawaslu’s presidency in GNEJ not only enhances the institution’s international image but also creates avenues for inter-state cooperation in building more effective and just electoral oversight systems. Collaboration and the spirit of mutual support serve as essential foundations in addressing the complexities of electoral issues and in strengthening human resource capacities. Bawaslu RI demonstrates that a state institution can play a constructive diplomatic role in advancing shared democratic objectives at the global level.
Kondisi demokrasi yang dinamis dan tantangan dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu menempatkan Badan Pengawas Pemilu (Bawaslu) sebagai lembaga yang strategis dalam menjaga integritas demokrasi di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan metode studi kepustakaan dan dokumentasi untuk menganalisis peran Bawaslu dalam konteks hubungan internasional, khususnya dalam jaringan Global Network on Electoral Justice (GNEJ). Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa keikutsertaan aktif Bawaslu dalam GNEJ, terutama saat dipercaya menjadi Presiden GNEJ periode 2022–2023 setelah sebelumnya menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden Regional Asia, memperkuat posisi diplomasi kelembagaan Indonesia di ranah global. Momentum tersebut dimanfaatkan Bawaslu untuk mempromosikan sistem peradilan pemilu Indonesia dan mendorong kolaborasi lintas negara dalam memperjuangkan keadilan pemilu yang inklusif dan adil. Penyelenggaraan 5th Plenary Assembly GNEJ menjadi salah satu capaian strategis yang menunjukkan komitmen Bawaslu terhadap penguatan demokrasi regional dan global. Simpulan dari studi ini menegaskan bahwa posisi Bawaslu sebagai Presiden GNEJ tidak hanya meningkatkan citra kelembagaan di tingkat internasional, tetapi juga membuka ruang diplomasi antarnegara dalam membangun sistem pengawasan dan peradilan pemilu yang lebih efektif. Kolaborasi dan semangat gotong royong menjadi fondasi utama dalam menghadapi kompleksitas kepemiluan dan tantangan peningkatan kapasitas SDM. Bawaslu RI menunjukkan bahwa lembaga negara dapat berperan aktif sebagai instrumen diplomasi demokrasi yang konstruktif di tingkat global.
References
(2022, January). Elections globally are under threat. Here's how to protect them. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/un-warns-global-threat-election-integrity/ (Archived July 14, 2022)
Abbott, K. W., & Snidal, D. (1998). [Review of the article]. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42(1), 3–32.
Abdulsyani. (1994). Sosiologi Skematika, Teori, dan Terapan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Alvarez, J. E. (2006). International Organization: Then and Now. The American Journal of International Law, 100(2), 324–327.
Amal, B. (2019). Kewenangan mengadili oleh Bawaslu atas sengketa proses pemilu yang diatur dalam Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 48(3), 306–311.
Archer, C. (1992). International Organizations. Routledge.
Asshiddiqie, J. (2008). Pokok-pokok hukum tata negara Indonesia pasca reformasi (hlm. 740). BIP.
Asshiddiqie, J. (2009). Menuju negara hukum yang demokratis (hal. 377). Kelompok Gramedia.
Asshiddiqie, J. (2013). Pengadilan khusus dalam bunga rampai putih hitam pengadilan khusus. Komisi Yudisial RI.
Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum. (2021, Oktober 21). Dalam forum keempat Global Network, Bawaslu sampaikan lima tantangan demokrasi. https://bawaslu.go.id/id/berita/dalam-forum-keempat-global-network-bawaslu-sampaikan-lima-tantangan-demokrasi
Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum. (n.d.). History of election supervision. https://www.bawaslu.go.id/id/profil/sejarah-pengawasan-Pemilu
Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum. (n.d.). Official website. https://www.bawaslu.go.id/
Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum. (n.d.-a). Afif's story: Bawaslu receives membership plaque at WEB in India. https://bawaslu.go.id/id/berita/cerita-afif-bawaslu-terima-piagam-keanggotaan-web-di-india
Baihaki, E. (2018). Peran Bawaslu dan pemilu yang berintegritas. Kompas.com.
Baldwin, D. A. (1993). Neorealism and neoliberalism: The contemporary debate. Columbia University Press.
Berruecos, S. (2003). Electoral justice in Mexico: The role of the Electoral Tribunal under new federalism. Journal of Latin American Studies, 811.
Boer Mauna. (2011). Hukum internasional: Pengertian, peranan dan fungsi dalam era dinamika global. Bandung: Alumni.
Booth, J. A. (2018). Costa Rica: Quest for democracy (p. 34, 61). Routledge.
Budiardjo, M. (2008). Dasar-dasar ilmu politik. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Chan, S. (1984). International relations in perspective: The pursuit of security, welfare and justice (p. 5). Macmillan Publishing Company.
Chickering, L. A., Lawrence, J. M., & Tritten, J. J. (2006). Strategic foreign assistance: Civil society in international security. Hoover Institution Press.
Código Electoral Decreto Legislativo No. 8765. (2009). Undang-Undang Pemilu Kosta Rika.
Dahl, R. A. (2001). Perihal demokrasi: Menjelajah teori dan praktik demokrasi secara singkat (A. R. Zainuddin, Trans.). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor.
Dam, S., & Riswandi. (1995). Kerja sama ASEAN, latar belakang, perkembangan, dan masa depan (hlm. 15). Ghalia Indonesia.
Deswaraswamy, N. (2014). Leadership style. Journal Advances in Management, 7(2), 345.
Deutsche Welle. (2021, August 21). Brazil’s Bolsonaro asks Senate to impeach Supreme Court judge. https://web.archive.org/web/20210922190859/https://www.dw.com/en/brazils-bolsonaro-asks-senate-to-impeach-supreme-court-judge/a-58938384
Dugis, V. (2016). Neoliberalisme. In V. Dugis (Ed.), Teori hubungan internasional: Perspektif-perspektif klasik (pp. xx–xx). Surabaya: CSGS.
European Commission. (2021, January 27). Rule of law: Commission adopts next step in the infringement procedure to protect judicial independence of Polish judges [Press release]. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809082433/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_224 (Archived July 16, 2022)
Feld, W. J., Jordan, R. S., & Hurwitz, L. (1983). International organizations: A comparative approach. Praeger Publishers.
Freedom House. (2021). Freedom in the world 2021: Democracy under siege. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809093537/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2021/democracy-under-siege (Archived July 15, 2022)
Gaffar, A. (2000). Politik Indonesia; Transisi Menuju Demokrasi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., Donnelly, J. H., & Konopaske, R. (2012). Organizations: Behavior, structure, processes. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Global Network on Electoral Justice. (n.d.). Constitutive act. https://www.te.gob.mx/red_mundial/
Goldstein, J. S. (2005). International relations. Pearson/Longman.
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (1995). Behavior in organizations (4th ed.).
Harmon, M. M., & Mayer, R. T. (2014). Teori organisasi untuk administrasi publik (S. Pasaribu, Trans.). Kreasi Wacana. (Original work published as Organization theory for public administration)
Hollis, M., & Smith, S. (1990). Explaining and understanding international relations (pp. 95–118). Clarendon Press.
Indikator Politik Indonesia. (2023, June 25). Evaluasi publik terhadap demokrasi, kinerja presiden dan peta elektoral jelang Pemilu 2024 [Rilis nasional]. https://indikator.co.id
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA). (n.d.-a). Asia-Pacific report [GSOD data]. https://www.idea.int/gsod/asia-pacific-report
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA). (n.d.-b). Europe: Access data tools. https://www.idea.int/data-tools/continent-view/Europe/60
Jaquemet, S. (2004). Mandat dan fungsi dari Komisariat Tinggi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Urusan Pengungsi (UNHCR). Jurnal Hukum Internasional / Indonesian Journal of International Law, 2(1), October 2004.
Judiciary of Tanzania. (n.d.). Official website. http://www.judiciary.go.tz/
Jufrizen, J. (2016). Efek mediasi kepuasan kerja pada pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 17(1), 34–51.
Ka, S. (2013). Liberal approaches. In J. Sterling-Folker (Ed.), Making sense of international relations theory (pp. 75–78).
Kaloh, J. (2007). Mencari bentuk otonomi daerah. PT Rineka Cipta.
Kansil, C. S. T. (1985). Hukum tata pemerintahan Indonesia. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Kartono, K. (2006). Pemimpin dan kepemimpinan. PT Rajagrafindo Persada.
Kast, F. E., & Rosenzweig, J. E. (1972). General Systems Theory: Applications for Organization and Management. Academy of Management Journal, 15(4), 447–465. https://doi.org/10.5465/255139
Kausez, M. J., & Posner, B. Z. (2004). Leadership the challenge: Tantangan kepemimpinan. Erlangga.
Lamy, S. L. (2001). Contemporary mainstream approaches: Neo-realism and neo-liberalism. In J. Baylis & S. Smith (Eds.), The globalization of world politics (2nd ed., pp. 182–199). Oxford University Press.
Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2011 No. 101 Tentang Undang-Undang No. 15 Tahun 2011 Tentang Penyelenggara Pemilu Perubahan kedua atas Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penyelenggara Pemilu.
Luthans, F. (2006). Perilaku organisasi (Edisi sepuluh). PT. Andi: Yogyakarta.
Mahfud MD, M. (1989). Demokrasi dan hukum di Negara Republik Indonesia (Diktat pelengkap bahan kuliah, hlm. 4). Jurusan Hukum Tata Negara, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia (MKRI). (n.d.). Official website. https://mkri.id/
Mas’oed, M. (1990). Ilmu hubungan internasional: Disiplin dan metodologi. LP3ES.
May, T. R. (2002). Hukum internasional II (h. 94). PT Refika Aditama.
Mclean, G. N. (2006). Organization development: Principles, processes, performance (p. 2). Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
Mingst, K. A. (2004). Contending perspective: How to think about international relations theoretically. In Essentials of international relations (p. 2). W. W. Norton & Company.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, I. W. (1983). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 408.
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR). (2020, September 23). Poland presidential election 2020: ODIHR special election assessment mission final report. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). https://web.archive.org/web/20210809082144/https://www.osce.org/odihr/464595 (Archived July 16, 2021)
Olson, W., & Groom, A. J. R. (1991). International relations then and now (pp. 274–275). Harper Collins.
Pamungkas, S. (2009). Perihal pemilu. Laboratorium Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Perwita, A. A. B. (2011). Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Bandung: Rosdakarya.
Perwita, A. A. B., & Yani, Y. M. (2005). Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Bandung: Rosda Karya.
Purwadarminta, W. J. S. (1985). Kamus umum bahasa Indonesia. Balai Pustaka.
Rais, A. (1986). Pengantar Dalam Demokrasi dan Proses Politik. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Riwanto, A. (2016). Hukum Partai Politik dan Hukum Pemilu Di Indonesia (Cet. ke-1). Yogyakarta: Thafa Media.
Rudi, T. M. (1998). Administrasi dan organisasi internasional. Bandung: PT RefikAditama
Saragih, A. D. A. (2017). Tinjauan Yuridis Pentingnya Pembentukan Peradilan Khusus Dalam PEMILU Serentak Menurut Undang-Undang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah. Lex et Societatis, 5(3), 19.
Sauri, S. (2016). Strategic management sustainable competitive (h. 7). Rajawali Pers.
Scharff, M. (2011, March). Enhancing security to restore credibility: Safeguarding elections in the Philippines, 2008–2010. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/Policy_Note_ID157.pdf
Sinambela, L. P. (2016). Manajemen sumber daya manusia: Membangun tim kerja yang solid untuk meningkatkan kinerja. PT. Bumi Aksara.
Sitepu, P. A. (2012). Studi ilmu politik (hlm. 4). Graha Ilmu.
Special issue: Beyond international society. (1993). Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 21(3).
Sterling-Folker, J. (Ed.). (2013). Making sense of international relations theory (2nd ed.).
Suherman, A. M. (2003). Organisasi Internasional dan Integrasi Ekonomi Regional dalam Perspektif Hukum dan Globalisasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia.
Supreme Court of Sri Lanka. (n.d.). Official website. http://www.supremecourt.lk/
Suradinata, E. (1995). Psikologi kepegawaian dan peranan pimpinan dalam motivasi kerja. CV Ramadan.
Surbakti, A. S. (2016). Penegakan hukum pemilu dan pilkada. Jakarta: Kelompok Gramedia.
Tribunal Constitucional Portugal. (n.d.). Official website. http://www.tribunalconstitucional.pt/tc/home.html
Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación. (2022, January 10). About the Global Network on Electoral Justice. https://www.te.gob.mx/red_mundial/front/global_network/about
Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación. (2025, May 14). Sixth plenary assembly of the Global Network on Electoral Justice. Retrieved from https://www.te.gob.mx/red_mundial/front/asamblea/inside/6
Tribunal Superior Electoral (Dominican Republic). (n.d.). Official website. http://www.tse.gob.do/
Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. (n.d.). Mr. Rahmat Bagja, Chairman of the General Election Supervisory Agency of Indonesia (Bawaslu), President of the Global Network on Electoral Justice (GNEJ). Email for Bawaslu RI. [Personal communication or internal document].
Umar, H. (2001). Strategic management in action. Gramedia Pustaka.
Umar, H. (2008). Desain penelitian MSDM dan perilaku karyawan (2 halaman).
Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017, Pasal 461
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2016, Pasal 22B
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2016, Pasal 22B
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (n.d.). Official website. http://www.undp.org
Walker, S., & Rankin, J. (2020, July 13). Polish election: Andrzej Duda victory hands populists free rein. The Guardian. https://web.archive.org/web/20211025133200/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/13/polish-election-andrzej-duda-victory-hands-populists-free-rein (Archived July 16, 2022)
Yohantin, G. S. (2013). Konflik internal pasca pemilu 2007 di Kenya.
Zaccaro, S. J. (2001). The nature of organizational leadership. Journal of George Mason University, 453.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Andri Sutrisno

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website). The final published PDF should be used and bibliographic details that credit the publication in this journal should be included.