DILEMA KEAMANAN ANTARA TIONGKOK DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DI KAWASAN INDO-PACIFIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/verity.v16i32.9098Kata Kunci:
China, United States, Security Dilemma, Indo-Pacific, Dilema Keamanan, Tiongkok, Amerika Serikat, Indo-PasifikAbstrak
Pertumbuhan ekonomi Tiongkok yang luar biasa dari tahun 1978 hingga 2010-an telah memungkinkan Beijing untuk memperbesar kekuatan militernya. Hal ini telah membuat Tiongkok menjadi lebih makmur dan lebih kuat dari sebelumnya. Hal ini juga menggeser keseimbangan kekuatan di kawasan Indo-Pasifik, terutama ketika Amerika Serikat telah menjadi kekuatan dominan sejak berakhirnya Perang Dingin. Selama tahun yang berbeda Amerika Serikat memiliki persepsi yang berbeda dalam mengomentari kebangkitan Tiongkok. Sejak tahun 2020, hubungan antara kedua negara telah meruncing ketika Menteri Luar Negeri Tiongkok saat itu Wang Yi menyebutkan munculnya kembali mentalitas "Perang Dingin". Esai ini menggunakan contoh dari studi kasus dan interaksi antara pemimpin dan aktor sosial. Esai ini akan membahas secara luas tentang kebangkitan Tiongkok dan reaksi Amerika Serikat terhadapnya. Lebih jauh, akan dijelaskan bagaimana dilema keamanan antara kedua negara terjadi yang berasal dari dua faktor yang disebutkan di atas. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa kebangkitan Tiongkok yang secara terbukti menggeser keseimbangan kekuatan adalah melalui hadirnya militer Tiongkok di Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Tiongkok telah menggunakan kekuatan militer, diplomatik, dan ekonomi untuk memengaruhi realitas di lapangan. Ini adalah realitas yang harus diterima Amerika Serikat dengan sukarela dan upaya mengubah arah keseimbangan kekuatan telah menjadi norma bagi Washington. Pada ujung tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa dilema keamanan terjadi pada kedua negara karena keduanya saling curiga.Referensi
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