CONSUMERS’ BRAND LOYALTY OF ENERVON C IN PANDEMIC ERA

Zoel Hutabarat, Velya Putidita

Abstract


The growth of Vitamin C demand in pandemic makes brand loyalty became one of an important factor to win competitive advantage among competitors. This study aimed to examine and understand the relationship between brand awareness, word of mouth, perceived quality, and brand image towards brand loyalty of Enervon C consumer in pandemic era. Sample of this study were 270 respondents that consume Enervon C during pandemic. This study applies quantitative research method with data collection method through electronic questionnaires. Collected data will be analyzed through SmartPLS 3.3.3 with Structural Equation Modelling. The result indicated that brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand loyalty has a direct relationship with brand loyalty and brand image mediated the relationship of brand awareness and perceived quality with brand loyalty. Word of mouth has a direct relationship with brand image.


Keywords


brand loyalty; brand awareness; word of mouth; perceived quality; brand image

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity: Capitalizing on the Value of a BrandName.

Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring Brand Equity Across Product and Markets. California Management Review, 38(3), 102.

Alhaddad, A. A., & Alhaddad, A. (2015). Perceived Quality, Brand Image and Brand Trust as Determinants of BrandLoyalty. Journal of Research in Business and Management, 3(4), 01–08. www.questjournals.org

Alkhawaldeh, A. M., Al-Salaymeh, M., Alshare, F., & Eneizan, B. M. (2017). The Effect of Brand Awareness on Brand Loyalty: Mediating Role of Brand Commitment. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(36). https://ssrn.com/abstract=3097398

Anjani, R. F., & Siregar, S. (2021). Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Kepercayaan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Multivitamin Enervon-C pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmuah MEA (Manejemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 5(3).

Bernarto, I., Berlianto, M. P., Meilani, Y. F. C. P., Masman, R. R., & Suryawan, I. N. (2020). The Influence of Brand Awareness, Brand Image, and Brand Trust on Brand Loyalty. Jurnal Manajemen, 24(3), 412. https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v24i3.676

Berry, L. L. (2000). Cultivating Service Brand Equity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070300281012

BİLGİN, Y. (2018). The Effect of Social Media Marketing Activities on Brand Awareness, Brand Image, and Brand Loyalty. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(1), 128–148. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v6i1.229

Brewer, A., & Zhao, J. (2010). The impact of a pathway college on reputation and brand awareness for its affiliated university in Sydney. International Journal of Educational Management, 24(1), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541011013033

Cahyani, N. S., Joyce Lapian, S. L. H. v, & Tumiwa, J. (2017). The Effect of Brand Image, Perceived Price, and Perceived Quality on Consumers’ Purchase Decision of Pond’s Skin Care Product. Juurnal EMBA, 5(2), 354–362.

Carr, A. C. (2020). A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Critical Care, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02851-4

Chambial, S., Dwivedi, S., Shukla, K. K., John, P. J., & Sharma, P. (2013). Vitamin C in Disease Prevention and Cure: An Overview. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 28(4), 314–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3

Chin, W. W. (1998). Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling.

Cynthia Yulita Wardayanti. (2006). Analisis Pengaruh Pioneer-Status Sebuah Merek Terhadap Sikap Konsumen dalam Kategori Produk Vitamin C 500mg. Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran, 1(2). http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/mar/article/view/16536

Das, G. (2014). Impacts of retail brand personality and self-congruity on store loyalty: The moderating role of gender. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2013.07.011

Dass, S., & Jansson, C. (2012). Customer Based Brand Equity and Intangibles-The case of the Swedish mobile network operators.

Dülek, B., & Saydan, R. (2019). The Impact of Social Media Advertisement Awareness on Brand Awareness, Brand Image, Brand Attitude, and Brand Loyalty: A Research on University Students. International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, 9(2), 470–494. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3596116

Erciş, A., Ünal, S., Candan, F. B., & Yıldırım, H. (2012). The Effect of Brand Satisfaction, Trust and Brand Commitment on Loyalty and Repurchase Intentions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 1395–1404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1124

Fajariah, N., Thoyib, A., & Rahman, F. (2016). Pengaruh Brand Awareness, Perceived Quality, dan Brand Image terhadap Brand Loyalty pada Generasi Y di Indonesia. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen (JAM), 14(3). https://doi.org/10.18202/jam230

Fitriani, N. (2018). Peran Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kepuasan Pelanggan dalam Pembentukan Word of Mouth Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Swasta di Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 18(1).

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.0. Universitas Diponegoro.

Gil, R. B., Fraj Andrés, E., & Martínez Salinas, E. (2007). Family as a source of consumer‐based brand equity. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420710751564

Gronholdt, L., Martensen, A., & Kristensen, K. (2000). The relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty: Cross-industry differences. Total Quality Management, 11(4–6). https://doi.org/10.1080/09544120050007823

Gunadi, F. A., Adiwijaya, M., & Subagio, H. (2017). Pengaruh Perceived Quality terhadap Brand Loyalty dengan Brand Image dan Brand Trust sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Merek Laptop Buatan Indonesia. Petra Business & Management Review, 3(2).

GÜNER, R., HASANOĞLU, İ., & AKTAŞ, F. (2020). COVID-19: Prevention and control measures in community. TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 50(SI-1). https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-146

Hazen, B. T., Boone, C. A., Wang, Y., & Khor, K. S. (2017). Perceived quality of remanufactured products: construct and measure development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 716–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.099

Hemilä, H., & de Man, A. M. E. (2021). Vitamin C and COVID-19. Frontiers in Medicine, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.559811

Hendika, V. L., & Riorini, S. V. (2014). Sikap Merek, Perceived Quality, dan Prestise Merek terhadap Advokasi Merek melalui Kepercayaan Merek pada Klinik Gigi Ortodonti di Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 7(2).

Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195–204.

Indahyanti, U., & Sukarjadi. (2015). Applying the Technology Acceptance Model to Measure the Learning Management System Acceptance by Students of Politeknik Sakti Surabaya. Jurnal Teknologi , 72(4), 2180–3722. www.jurnalteknologi.utm.my

Indra, C. (2018). Pengaruh Word of Mouth terhadap Purchase Intention dengan Brand Image dan Perceived Service Quality sebagai Variabel Intervening pada Program KPR Bersubsidi di Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9744/pemasaran.12.1.1─9

Jalilvand, M. R., Nasrolahi Vosta, L., Kazemi Mahyari, H., & Khazaei Pool, J. (2017). Social responsibility influence on customer trust in hotels: mediating effects of reputation and word-of-mouth. Tourism Review, 72(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-09-2016-0037

Kim, J., & Joung, H.-M. (2016). Psychological underpinnings of luxury brand goods repurchase intentions: Brand–self congruity, emotional attachment, and perceived level of investment made. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 26(3), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2016.1174542

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th edition). Pearson Pretice Hall, Inc.

Kurniawan, H. H. (2017). Pengaruh Perceived Quality terhadap Brand Loyalty melalui Mediasi Brand Image dan Brand Trust (Studi pada Brand Restoran McDonald’s di Kota Malang). Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 4(2), 228–239. www.topbrand-award.com

Kustriyanti, S., Astuti, E. S., & Kusumawati, A. (2017). Analysis on Continuous Participation Behavior of Virtual Community Member Based on The Usability and Sociability Perspective. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 67(7), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-07.18

Li, M.-L., & Green, R. D. (2011). A mediating influence on customer loyalty: The role of perceived value. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 7(1), 1–12.

Lin, H.-H., & Wang, Y.-S. (2006). An examination of the determinants of customer loyalty in mobile commerce contexts. Information & Management, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2005.08.001

Liu, F., Li, J., Mizerski, D., & Soh, H. (2012). Self‐congruity, brand attitude, and brand loyalty: a study on luxury brands. European Journal of Marketing, 46(7/8). https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561211230098

Mabkhot, H. A., Hasnizam, & Salleh, S. M. (2017). The influence of brand image and brand personality on brand loyalty, mediating by brand trust: An empirical study. Jurnal Pengurusan, 50, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2017-50-07

Majid, N., Sunaryo, & Husein, A. S. (2018). Brand Satisfaction Memediasi Pengaruh Self Congruity terhadap Brand Loyalty. MIX: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 8(2), 228–242. https://doi.org/10.22441/mix.2018.v8i2.003

Majid, N., Sunaryo, S., & Husein, A. S. (2019). Pengaruh Perceived Brand Quality, Perceived Value dan Switching Cost terhadap Customer Satisfaction dan Brand Loyalty: Studi Pasar Industri Kimia di Indonesia. MIX: JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN, 9(2), 282–297. https://doi.org/10.22441/mix.2019.v9i2.003

Nofriyanti, A. R. (2017). Pengaruh Brand Trust, Brand Image, Perceived Quality, Brand Loyalty terhadap Brand Equity Pengguna Telkomsel. EKOBIS - Ekonomi Bisnis, 22(2), 130–142.

Nurhandayani, A., Syarief, R., Syarief, R., & Najib, M. (2019). The Impact of Social Media Influencer and Brand Images to Purchase Intention. Universitas Brawijaya Journal of Applied Management (JAM), 17(4), 650–661. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2019.017.04.09

Puška, A., Stojanović, I., & Berbić, S. (2018). The Impact of Chocolate Brand Image, Satisfaction, and Value on Brand Loyalty. Economy and Market Communication Review, 15(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.7251/emc1801037p

Puspaningrum, A. (2018). Determinan Brand Loyalty. Journal of Applied Management (JAM), 16(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2018

Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2012). A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203930687

Rizwan, M., Javed, P. A., Aslam, J., Khan, R., & Bibi, H. (2014). The relationship of Brand Commitment, Brand Credibility, Perceived Quality, Customer Satisfaction and brand loyalty: an empirical study on Stylo shoes. Journal of Sociological Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v5i1.6572

Saleem, S., Rahman, S. U., & Omar, R. M. (2015). Conceptualizing and Measuring Perceived Quality, Brand Awareness, and Brand Image Composition of Brand Loyalty. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n1p66

Sari Dewi, L. G. P., Edyanto, N., & Siagian, H. (2020). The Effect of Brand Ambassador, Brand Image, and Brand Awareness on Purchase Decision of Pantene Shampoo in Surabaya, Indonesia. SHS Web of Conferences, 76, 01023. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601023

Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.

Schoenbachler, D. D., Gordon, G. L., & Aurand, T. W. (2004). Building brand loyalty through individual stock ownership. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 13(7). https://doi.org/10. 1108/10610420410568426

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (7th edition).

Shabbir, M. Q., Khan, A. A., & Khan, S. R. (2017). Brand Loyalty Brand Image and Brand Equity: The Mediating Role of Brand Awareness. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 19(2), 416–423. http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/

Sia, B. K., Chuan, C. S., & Falahat, M. (2018). Brand loyalty and determinates of perceived quality and willingness to order. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17(4). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327034330

Tammubua, M. handayani. (2021). Do Brand Image and Brand Trust Mediate the Effect of Service Quality on Brand Loyalty? Lessons from Higher Education Sector. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 3(2), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v3i2.452

Tariq, M., Abbas, T., Abrar, M., & Iqbal, A. (2017). EWOM and brand awareness impact on consumer purchase intention: Mediating role of brand image Asif Iqbal. Pakistan Administrative Review, 1(1).

Temaja, G. A., & Yasa, N. N. K. (2019). The Influence of Word of Mouth on Brand Imange and Purchase Intention (A study on the potential customers of Kakiang Garden Cafe Ubud). International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research (IJBMER), 10(1), 1552–1560. www.ijbmer.com

Thompson, C. J., Rindfleisch, A., & Arsel, Z. (2006). Emotional Branding and the Strategic Value of the Doppelgänger Brand Image. Journal of Marketing, 70(1). https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.1.050.qxd

Tong, C. (2014). The Influences of Corporate Social Responsibility to Customer Repurchases Intentions, Customer Word-of-Mouth Intentions and Customer Perceived Food Quality of Fast-Food Restaurants in Hong Kong and the Mediating Effects of Corporate Reputation. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 4(11), 1655–1678. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2014/11311

Valavi, P. (2014). Factors Influencing Mobile Services Adoption: A Brand-Equity Perspective. International Journal of Research In Social Sciences, 4(3), 1–18. www.ijsk.org/ijrss

Vazifehdoost, H., & Negahdari, A. (2018). Relationships of Brand Awareness, Brand Association and Perceived Quality with Brand Loyalty and Repurchase Intention. Case Studies Journal, 7(1). http://www.casestudiesjournal.com

Wang, X. (2011). The effect of inconsistent word‐of‐mouth during the service encounter. Journal of Services Marketing, 25(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041111143087

Wicaksono, M. P. A., & Seminari, N. K. (2016). Pengaruh Iklan dan Word of Mouth terhadap Brand

Awareness Traveloka. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 5(8), 5098–5127.

Wisnu, & Hermawan, A. (2011). Pengaruh Perceived Quality terhadap Kesetiaan Merek dan Citra Merek. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 4.

Yaman, Z. (2018). The effect of word of mouth marketıng on the purchase behavıor vıa brand image and perceıved qualıty. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 14(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2018.14-2.12

Yudha Parwati, K., Rohman, F., & Puspaningrum, A. (2021). The Effect of Self-Congruity and Celebrity Endorsement on Brand Loyalty With Brand Attitude As A Mediation Variables. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen (JAM), 19(1), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2021.019.01.14

Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis | Universitas Pelita Harapan | Kampus Universitas Pelita Harapan | Gedung F Lt. 12 | Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang - 15811 | Telp 021-5460901 | Fax 54210992
slot gacor slot gacor hari ini slot gacor 2025 demo slot pg slot gacor slot gacor