Kajian Literatur: Upaya Peningkatan Keseimbangan Tubuh untuk Mengurangi Risiko Jatuh pada Lanjut Usia [Literature Review: Efforts to Increase Body Balance to Reduce Risk of Falling in Elderly]
Abstract
Imbalance is one of the factors of falling in older population. Therefore, efforts to improve the balance in older people should be sustained. This was a literature review with objectives to explore articles that identify efforts to improve balance to reduce the risk of falling in older people. Literature search used two databases i.e. Google Scholar and PubMed. Keywords used were efforts to improve balance, risk of falls, and older people or elderly. Inclusion criteria included articles published from 2007 to 2017, primary articles, English and Indonesian articles, full text, and involving older people as research subjects. Of 237 articles identified using the word search, six articles were reviewed. The themes that arised from the review consisted of various efforts to improve balance on older people included the tandem path, Swiss Ball exercises, physical exercise and Hatha yoga. Based on the results of this article review, further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of each of these efforts in reducing the risk of falls in the older people.
BAHASA INDONESIA Ketidakseimbangan merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya jatuh pada lanjut usia (lansia). Oleh karena itu, upaya meningkatkan keseimbangan pada kelompok lansia perlu terus dipertahankan. Tujuan kajian literatur ini adalah menggali artikel yang mengidentifikasi upaya meningkatkan keseimbangan untuk mengurangi risiko jatuh pada lansia. Artikel penelitian didapatkan dari dua database yaitu Google Scholar dan PubMed. Pencarian literatur menggunakan kata kunci berikut (baik dalam Bahasa Indonesia maupun Bahasa Inggris): upaya meningkatkan keseimbangan (efforts to improve balance), risiko jatuh (risk of falls), dan lansia (older people/elderly) dengan kriteria inklusi tahun penerbitan 2007 – 2017, artikel primer, artikel berbahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, artikel full text, dan subyek penelitian lansia. Dari 237 artikel yang diperoleh, enam artikel direview karena memenuhi semua kriteria inklusi dan sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Terhadap enam artikel ini kemudian dilakukan penilaian kritis (critical appraisal). Data kemudian dianalis menggunakan simplified thematic analysis. Tema yang muncul dari kajian literatur ini sebagai berikut: jenis-jenis latihan fisik yang dapat meningkatkan keseimbangan, yaitu jalan tandem, latihan Swiss Ball, latihan fisik/ physical exercise, dan Hatha yoga. Berdasarkan hasil review artikel ini, dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang seberapa efektif masing-masing upaya ini dapat mengurangi risiko jatuh pada lansia secara umum.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/nc.v6i1.1399
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