Adam Smith's Invisible Hand and the Visible Hand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/verity.v13i26.5244Schlagworte:
Adam Smith, invisible hand, government intervention, laissez-faire, visible handAbstract
The invisible hand is one of Adam Smith’s prominent theories. It argues that if individuals are left to pursue their self-interest, it will unintentionally lead to the public good. Scholars have been interpreting the invisible hand from many aspects: some regard it as a strong justification for selfish acts and that it is unethical, another sees it as a perfect competition among small and traditional firms, it is even read in a mystical nuance, and others consider him as a supporter of the laissez-faire economy. New theories are found in response to Smith’s invisible hand. However, some are built on wrong interpretations of the invisible hand. Employing the literature review method, this paper probes three books and three articles, which are selected from ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, aiming to elaborate on how the invisible hand is interpreted and misinterpreted and hopes to provide a clear understanding of what was Smith’s original idea with regards to the role of government. This paper finds that Smith is nowhere close to a laissez-faire figure. He even has an elaborative list of actions government should take to promote the public interest. Further research in other aspects of the invisible hand, i.e., theological and moral perspective, will contribute to a more conclusive comprehension of Smith’s invisible hand.
Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: “Tangan tak terlihat” adalah salah satu dari teori Adam Smith yang menonjol. Teori tersebut menyatakan bahwa jika seseorang mencoba untuk mengejar kepentingan pribadinya, maka akan secara tidak sengaja berujung kepada barang publik. Para peneliti telah mencoba untuk menginterpretasikan “tangan tak terlihat” dari berbagai aspek. Beberapa di antara mereka melihat hal ini sebagai justifikasi yang kuat terhadap tindakan-tindakan egois yang tidak etis. Di sisi lain, beberapa di antara mereka melihat hal ini sebagai sebuah bentuk persaingan sempurna di antara perusahaan-perusahaan kecil dan traditional (tidak jarang dibaca dalam nuansa mistis). Di sisi yang lain lagi, beberapa di antara mereka melihat Adam Smith sebagai pendukung dari konsep ekonomi laissez-faire. Teori-teori baru telah ditelusuri sebagai tanggapan dari teori “tangan tak terlihat” milik Smith. Namun, banyak dari teori tersebut yang dibangun berdasarkan interpretasi yang salah terhadap “tangan tak terlihat”. Dengan menerapkan metode tinjauan Pustaka, naskah ini menelaah tiga buku dan tiga artikel yang dipilih dari ScienceDirect dan Google Scholar dengan tujuan untuk menjelaskan lebih lanjut bagaimana “tangan tak terlihat” diimplementasikan secara tepat dan kurang tepat serta menyediakan pemahaman yang lebih jelas terhadap gagasan orisinil Smith mengenai peran pemerintah. Naskah ini menemukan bahwa teori Smith sangat jauh berbeda dengan konsep ekonomi laissez-faire. Bahkan, Smith memiliki daftar yang elaboratif berisi tindakan yang harus diambil pemerintah untuk mempromosikan kepentingan publik. Penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai aspek-aspek lainnya dari teori “tangan tak terlihat” (seperti pendekatan teologis dan moral) akan berkontribusi terhadap pemahaman yang lebih konklusif terhadap teori Smith.
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