MAPPING GENDER EQUALITY IMPLEMENTATION IN ASEAN PORT MANAGEMENT: ASSESSMENT THROUGH THE ASEAN GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/verity.v18i1.11098Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Gender Mainstreaming, ASEAN Port Management, Gender Equality Implementation, ASEAN Gender Mainstreaming Strategic Framework, Maritime GovernanceΠερίληψη
This study examines gender equality implementation in ASEAN port management using the ASEAN Gender Mainstreaming Strategic Framework (AGMSF) as the primary analytical tool. Although global initiatives such as SDGs 5 have strengthened commitments to gender equality, barriers, including gender bias, limited women’s leadership, and masculine organizational cultures, continue to restrict progress. These issues are evident in the maritime and port sector, a historically male-dominated field that plays a crucial economic role in ASEAN yet remains slow in adopting gender responsive governance. Grounded in gender mainstreaming theory, the research incorporates Sylvia Walby’s transformative approach, which emphasizes institutional change beyond numerical participation, and Mary Daly’s critique of technocratic implementation that often focuses on administrative procedures without addressing deeper power relations. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study applies document analysis of ASEAN publications, government reports, and academic literature to assess gender equality practices across the three AGMSF aspects: leadership and capacity building, policy integration and accountability, and institutional strengthening. The findings show wide variation among ASEAN member states in integrating gender principles into port governance. While regional frameworks outline clear expectations, many port institutions still operate within hierarchical and masculine norms that limit women’s career mobility and weaken accountability mechanisms. Consequently, gender mainstreaming often remains symbolic rather than transformative. The study concludes that advancing substantive gender equality in ASEAN port management requires cultural change, stronger institutional commitment, and sustained regional cooperation. This mapping provides a structured understanding of existing gaps and identifies strategic opportunities for building more inclusive and gender-responsive port governance across the region.
Αναφορές
Advancing Gender Equality in the Maritime Transport Sector Key Insights from the 12th Asia-Pacific Forum on Sustainable Development Side Event: Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in the Maritime Transport Sector. (2025).
Ahmad, S. H. S., Subramaniam, G., & Nasir, S. (2020). Women In Management at the Port Sector of Maritime Industry In Malaysia - Is There a Gender Imbalance? Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 19(3).
Ahyar, H., & Juliana Sukmana, D. (2020). Buku Metode Penelitian Kualitatif & Kuantitatif Seri Buku Hasil Penelitian View Project Seri Buku Ajar View Project. Https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/340021548
Alami, A. N. (2018). The Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming In ASEAN. IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 1(2), 185–207.
Baldonado, J. F., Nissa Espiritu, M. C., School, G., & Merchant Marine Academy, P. (2025). Maximizing The Potentials of Filipino Female Maritime Seafarers in the Maritime Industry. In International Journal of Arts, History and Cultural Studies (Issue 10).
Barreiro-Gen, M., Lozano, R., Temel, M., & Carpenter, A. (2021). Gender Equality for Sustainability in Ports: Developing A Framework. Marine Policy, 131. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Marpol.2021.104593
Cristina, D., & Simona, U. (2022). Careers in Maritime Transport-Gender Equality and Climate Change Perspectives. Ovidius University Press.
Daly, M. (2005). Gender Mainstreaming in Theory and Practice. Social Politics, 12(3), 433–450. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Sp/Jxi023
Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs for a consultation. (2022). Gender, conflict and transitional politics in Myanmar. (2023).
Grimett, L. (2024). The Status of Women Within the Maritime Sector. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 14(01), 1–35. Https://Doi.Org/10.4236/Ajibm.2024.141001
Halimah, S., Ahmad, S., & Nasir, S. (2020). Women In Management at the Port Sector of Maritime Industry in Malaysia-Is There a Gender Imbalance? In Academy of Strategic Management Journal (Vol. 19, Issue 3).
Handbook For Gender Equality Rapporteurs Gender Equality and Gender Mainstreaming in Practice. (2022).
Hyung-Jong, K., Arnakim, L. Y., Syafputri Prihatini, E., & Dewi, G. D. P. (2023). ASEAN Norms and Gender-Responsive Human Security. Global Strategis, 17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.73-100
Ilhami, R., & Miftahuddin, A. (2024). Ketidaksetaraan Gender Di Dalam Dunia Kerja. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Kitada, M., Barahona-Fuentes, C., & Castells-Sanabra, M. (2025). “Masculinities In Maritime Education and Training: An Opportunity to Advance Towards Gender Equality.” Maritime Studies, 24(3). Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S40152-025-00432-1
Ministry Of Culture, Y. And S. (2023). Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action: Brunei Darussalam’s National Report 2020-2024.
Naswa, N. (2025). QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia Analisis Kesenjangan Gender Dalam Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Nabila Naswa, 4(1).
Nemlioglu Koca, Y., & Kinalibalaban, M. (2020). Women on Board: A Research on Problems Faced by Women in the Maritime Sector Denizde Kadın: Kadınların Denizcilik Sektöründe Karşılaştıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Bir Araştırma. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.7176/JSTR/6-09-12
Intan Nurrachmi, Udin Saripudin, Nandang Ihwanudin, Sonny Santosa, Rini Novianti, Azizah Mursyidah, Neneng Nurhasanah, Dita Hanna Febriani, Rahmat Hidayat, Novita Alfinuri, Cecilia Indri Kurniasari, Tatang Muharam Sajaah, & Bayu Purnama Putra. (2025). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Dan Penelitian Kuantitatif (Intan Nurrachmi, Ed.; 1st Ed.). Widina Media Utama.
Rose A Arceño. (2024). Contributions And Significance of Women Professionals in Maritime Clusters. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 24(3), 870–878. Https://Doi.Org/10.30574/Wjarr.2024.24.3.3776
Sanrı, Ö. (2018). Evaluation Of Gender Equality Criteria Related to Social Sustainability in Ports. 7(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.5195/Emaj.2018.134
Ståhl, J., & Hermansson, R. (2018). Sex segregation in the maritime industry Why are there so few women?. Department Of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden.
The Secretary of State for Equality (Sei). (2024). Timor-Leste’s Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (Bpfa) National Review and Evaluation Report (2019-2024) Prepared by the Secretary of State for Equality (Sei) Rua Dos Mártires Da Pátria, Caicoli (Ex Obrigado Barracks) Díli, Timor-Leste Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Secretary of State For Equality.
UNDP Cambodia Gender Equality Strategy. (2025).
USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership Regional Document on Gender Integration in the Fisheries Workplace. (2020).
Ven, S., & Pham, L. (2022). Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in Cambodia: A Review of National Policies and Strategies.
Verloo, M. (2001). Another Velvet Revolution? Gender Mainstreaming and the Politics of Implementation.
Vietnam. (N.D.).
Walby, S. (2005). Gender Mainstreaming: Productive Tensions in Theory and Practice. In Social Politics (Vol. 12, Issue 3, Pp. 321–343). Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Sp/Jxi018
Wiradanti, B., Dothy, Rachmaputri, R. I., Rosdiana, R., Hasibuan, R. A., Kusumaningrum, I., Windyanti, I., Vebrian, D. F., Wahyunita, T., & Carera, Y. A. (2025a). Empowering Indonesian Women in the Port Industry: Initiatives by Mutiara Pelindo In 2022 To 2024. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1461(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1755-1315/1461/1/012052
Wiradanti, B., Dothy, Rachmaputri, R. I., Rosdiana, R., Hasibuan, R. A., Kusumaningrum, I., Windyanti, I., Vebrian, D. F., Wahyunita, T., & Carera, Y. A. (2025b). Empowering Indonesian Women in the Port Industry: Initiatives by Mutiara Pelindo In 2022 To 2024. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1461(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1088/1755-1315/1461/1/012052
WPS Brief Series Understanding and Applying Gender Concepts in Myanmar for More Inclusive Programming. (2024).
Δημοσιευμένα
Τεύχος
Ενότητα
Άδεια
Πνευματική ιδιοκτησία (c) 2026 Junifa Devi Devi, Atiiqah Bunga Azzahra
Αυτή η εργασία είναι αδειοδοτημένη υπό το Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website). The final published PDF should be used and bibliographic details that credit the publication in this journal should be included.
Department of 