Rethinking Legal Status of Polytechnic in the Law of Education System

Tonny Pongoh, Henry Soelistyo Budi, Bintan R. Saragih

Abstract


The legal status of polytechnic has been fundamentally changed from time to time. After the Law of National Education System Number 20/2003 and the Law of Higher Education Number 12/2012 came into effect, the polytechnic has been granted a new legal status that offers more diverse programs at various levels. Since then, polytechnic could conduct vocational diploma programs and degree programs in applied sciences from graduate to postgraduate. This legal status raises legal problems whether polytechnic is a higher education institution in vocational or applied sciences. Best education practices in some countries classify applied sciences higher education as academic education, not vocational education. This doctrinal research paper then will examine this legal problem using statute, historical and comparative approach, in the light of the Development Legal Theory. This study shows that the legal status of polytechnic is heavily dependent on government policy. In the absence of a clear and firm ground policy of vocational education, the legal status of the polytechnic has been interpreted differently from time to time. The government ought to reset the vocational education policy and then reform the law of the national education system. Therefore, the legal status of the polytechnic will be more sustainable and have better legal certainty accordingly. Regarding the recent development of higher education, it will be better if the government constitutes polytechnic as a higher education institution in applied sciences.


Keywords


Polytechnic; National Education System; Higher Education; Vocational Education & Development Legal Theory (DLT)



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/glr.v1i2.4037

Full Text:

PDF

References


Atmasasmita, Romli. 2012. “Tiga Paradigma Hukum Dalam Pembangunan.” Jurnal Hukum Prioris 3, no. 1: 2–26. https://trijurnal.lemlit.trisakti.ac.id/prioris/article/view/354.

Basundoro, P. n.d. “Sejarah Pendidikan Tinggi Di Indonesia.” Accessed August 3, 2020. http://helm-mmpt.pasca.ugm.ac.id/opini/opini/sejarah-pendidikan-tinggi-di-indonesia.

Cahyadi, A., and E. F. M. Manulang. 2015. Pengantar Ke Filsafat Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana.

CEDEFOP. 2019. The Changing Nature and Role of Vocational Education and Training in Europe (Volume 6: Vocationally Oriented Education and Training at Higher Education Level: Expansion and Diversification in European Countries). Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.

CEDEFOP. 2011. Vocational Education and Training at Higher Qualification Levels. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.

Darmodiharjo, D., and Sidharta. 2005. Pokok-Pokok Filsafat Hukum. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Dessinger, Thomas. 2000. “The German ‘Philosophy’ of Linking Academic and Work-Based Learning in Higher Education: The Case of the ‘Vocational Academies.’” Journal of Vocational Education & Training 52, no. 4: 605–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820000200134.

Doren, Jack van, and Christopher J. Roederer. 2012. “McDougal-Lasswell Policy Science: Death and Transfiguration.” Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business 11, no. 2: 125–57. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/global/vol11/iss2/2.

Hansen, Ellen. 2006. Career Guidance: A Resource Handbook for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Geneva: International Labour Organization.

Harnish, Dorothy, and Jurgen Wilke-Schnaufer. 1998. “Work-Based Learning in Occupational Education and Training.” The Journal of Technology Studies 24, no. 2: 21–30. https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v24i2.a.3.

Henninges, M. T. C., and C. Kleinert. 2019. Tracking and Sorting in the German Educational System. Bamberg: Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories.

“History.” n.d. Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University. Accessed August 5, 2020. https://www.dhbw.de/ english/dhbw/about-us/history.

Ibrahim, Johny. 2007. Teori Dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayumedia.

Indonesia. 1989. Law Number 2 Year 1989 Concerning National Education System.

_______. 2003. Law Number 20 Year 2003 Concerning National Education System.

_______. 2012. Law Number 12 Year 2012 Concerning Higher Education.

Kaneko, Motohisa. 2019. “The Formulation of Professional and Vocational Universities: Background and Challenges of a New Institution Type in Japan.” Japan Labor Issues 3, no. 13: 30–42. https://www.jil.go.jp/english/jli/documents/2019/013-03.pdf.

Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. 2015. Perkembangan Pendidikan Tinggi Tahun 1999/2000 - 2013/2014 - Buku 2. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Statistik Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi. 2019. Statistik Pendidikan Tinggi 2019. Jakarta: Pusdatin IPTEK DIKTI.

Kusumaatmadja, Mochtar. 1975. Pembinaan Hukum Dalam Rangka Pembangunan Nasional. Bandung: Binacipta.

_______. 2006. Konsep-Konsep Hukum Dalam Pembangunan. Bandung: P.T. Alumni.

Lasswell, Harold D., and Myres S. McDougal. 1966. “Jurisprudence in Policy-Oriented Perspective.” University of Florida Law Review XIX: 486–513. https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3594&context=fss_papers&httpsredir=1&referer=.

_______. 1971. “Criteria for a Theory About Law.” Southern California Law Review 44: 363–94. https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3603&context=fss_papers.

Latipulhayat, Atip. 2014. “Roscoe Pound.” PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 1, no. 2: 413–24. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v1n2.a12.

_______. 2014. “Khazanah: Mochtar Kusumaatmadja.” PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 1, no. 3: 626–42. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v1n3.a12.

Leawoods, Heather. 2000. “Gustav Radbruch: An Extraordinary Legal Philosopher.” Washington University Journal of Law & Policy 2: 486–515. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1516&context=law_journal_law_policy.

McWhinney, Edward. 1987. “Western and Non-Western Legal Cultures and the International Court of Justice.” Washington University Law Review 65, no. 4: 873–89. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2112&context=law_lawreview.

Mercer, L. Preston, and Judith A Ponticell. 2012. “Polytechnic Education - A Proposed Key to Regional Economic Development.” Synesis Journal of Science, Technology, Ethics and Policy, 45–51. http://www.synesisjournal.com/vol3_t/Mercer_2012_T45-51.pdf.

Ng, Pak Tee. 2017. Learning from Singapore. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315682914.

Northrop, F. S. C. 1956. “The Method and Some Findings of Anthropological Jurisprudence.” Louisiana Law Review 16, no. 2: 455–64. https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2365&context=lalrev.

Paryono. 2005. “A Cross-National Analysis of When and How Vocational Education Is Offered.” SEAMEO VOCTECH Journal, 41–49. https://online.anyflip.com/pgln/slqh/index.html.

Penn, Elaine. 2018. Educating for Professional Life: Twenty-Five Years of the University of Westminster. London: University of Westminster Press. https://doi.org/10.16997/book18.

Pratt, John. 1997. The Polytechnic Experiment: 1965-1992. Buckingham: The SRHE & Open University Press.

Rabban, David M. 2015. “Pound’s Sociological Jurisprudence: European Roots and American Applications.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 113–50. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2688094.

Rahardjo, Satjipto. 2000. Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: P.T. Citra Aditya Bakti.

Rasjidi, Lili, and I. B. W. Putra. 2003. Hukum Sebagai Suatu Sistem. Bandung: Mandar Maju.

Rasjidi, Lili, and I. T. Rasjidi. 2007. Pengantar Filsafat Hukum. Bandung: Mandar Maju.

Schellenbauer, P. n.d. “Combining Effort for Switzerland’s Higher Education System.” Accessed August 3, 2020. https://www.avenir-suisse.ch/en/combining-efforts-switzerlands-higher-education-system/.

“Sejarah.” n.d. Polman Bandung. Accessed December 20, 2020. https://polman-bandung.ac.id/sejarah-polman/.

“Sejarah.” n.d. Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Accessed December 20, 2020. https://www.polban.ac.id/sejarah/.

Shidarta. 2009. Refleksi Tentang Struktur Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: Mandar Maju.

_______. “Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Analisis Penelitian Filosofikal Dan Dogmatikal.” In Metode Penelitian Hukum: Konstelasi Dan Refleksi, edited by S. Irianto and Shidarta. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Shidarta, ed. 2012. Mochtar Kusumaatmadja Dan Teori Hukum Pembangunan: Eksistensi Dan Implikasi. Jakarta: Epistema Institute.

“Singapore.” n.d. SEA-VET. Accessed September 25, 2020. https://sea-vet.net/singapore.

Strahm, R. H. 2016. Vocational and Professional Education and Training in Switzerland. Bern: HEP.

Tamanaha, Brian Z. 2020. “Sociological Jurisprudence Past and Present.” Law & Social Inquiry 45, no. 2: 493–520. https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.26.

“Tentang PENS.” n.d. PENS. Accessed May 25, 2020. https://www.pens.ac.id/tentang-pens/.

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. n.d. “TIVETipedia Glossary.” UNEVOC. Accessed May 2, 2020. https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/TVETipedia+Glossary/lang=en/filt=all/id=474.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Tonny Pongoh, Henry Soelistyo Budi, Bintan Regen Saragih

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

favicon Faculty of Law | Universitas Pelita Harapan | glr@uph.edu