DIFFERENCES IN SLEEP QUALITY AMONG NURSING STUDENTS

The sleep quality and academic performance of students are influenced by their activity patterns, which in turn affects their health status. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research specifically addressing sleep problems among nursing students. The objective of this study is to identify and analyse the features of nursing students that are associated with variations in their sleep quality. This study employs a correlational descriptive research design, utilising a quantitative technique. A total of 117 individuals were surveyed. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to assess variations in sleep quality according to the attributes of the participants. The findings indicated that a significant majority of participants, up to 87.2%, experienced substandard sleep quality. Based on the subjective evaluation of PSQI components, 50.4% of participants were classified as having good sleep quality. Additionally, 34.2% reported experiencing difficulty falling asleep more than three times a week within 30 minutes. The majority of participants (42.5%) reported a sleep duration of 6-7 hours. Furthermore, 4.3% of participants had taken sleeping pills in the past month. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a strong correlation between the ages of the respondents and their sleep quality (p=0.047). This study uncovers a worrisome pattern indicating that the sleep quality of nursing students is significantly subpar. Hence, it is imperative to employ both academic and non-academic strategies and advancements to enhance the quality of students' sleep.


INTRODUCTION
Sleep Quality is a condition that describes the deep and invigorating sleep.Sleep quality encompasses both quantitative and qualitative aspects, generally assessed using four criteria: sleep latency or how often one wakes up during the night, the duration of wakefulness at night after falling asleep, the time it takes to initiate sleep, and sleep efficiency (National Sleep Foundation, 2020).Previous research on sleep quality, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index instrument, found that 61.9% of 7,626 students from six universities in the United States had poor sleep quality, 36% reported sleeping less than 7 hours, and 43% reported needing more than 30 minutes to fall asleep (Becker et al., 2018).
A study conducted by Blome et al., (2021) on 254 nursing students in the Midwest region of the United States reported poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and poor sleep hygiene.Furthermore, research by Silva et al., (2016) found that 31.6% of 403 nursing and health students in Portugal aged less than or equal to 20 years had poor sleep quality.In Indonesia, a study conducted on nursing students at Muhammadiyah University Purwokerto found that 55.6% of 90 respondents had poor sleep quality (Arifin & Wati, 2020).
Moreover, a meta-analysis study during the Covid-19 pandemic reported that 27% of nursing students worldwide, including Indonesia, experienced sleep disturbances (Mulyadi et al., 2021).
In addition, changes in activity patterns in nursing students are one of the causes of irregular sleep patterns because students experience sleep deprivation during campus or clinical practice (Araújo et al., 2013) which the sample used to report their sleep quality and sleep problems in the past month.

RESULT
Based  In addition, the majority of participants (95.7%) stated that they had not used any sleep medication in the past month.(Mishra et al., 2022;Belingheri et al., 2020;Blome et al., 2021;Tahir et al., 2021).
Another finding in this research is the assessment of PSQI components, such as the subjective sleep quality assessment, where the majority fell into the "good" category at 50.4%.However, when looking at the total PSQI score, the majority of respondents, at 87.2%, were categorized as having poor sleep quality.This suggests that some students may not be aware that they have poor sleep quality.This is consistent with the study conducted by Becker et al., (2018), where 60.7% of 7600 respondents rated their sleep quality as "good," but 61.9% had poor sleep quality according to the total PSQI score.
Concerning the sleep latency component, which refers to the time it takes to fall asleep, the findings indicated that the majority, accounting for 34.2%, experienced difficulty in falling asleep within 30 minutes more than three times per week.This finding aligns with the study by Becker et al., (2018), where 20.9% of 7600 students had trouble falling asleep within 30 minutes more than 3 times a week.The data on the duration of students' sleep ranged from 6-7 hours, accounting for 42.5%.This is consistent with the study conducted by Silva et al., (2016b), which reported that 61% of 403 respondents among nursing students slept for 6-7 hours.
In contrast, a study by James et al., (2019) found that the average sleep duration for 100 students was more than 7 hours per 24 hours.
According to sleep length guidelines for individuals between the ages of 18 and 25, it is recommended to sleep for 7 to 9 hours.It is advised not to sleep for fewer than 6 hours or more than 11 hours.(Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).(Schlarb et al., 2017;Tavernier & Willoughby, 2015;Nisa et al., 2021).

CONCLUSION
The .
The questionnaire used to assess sleep quality in this study is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Indonesian version (PSQI-I), Sleep Quality and the Scores of Its Components in Nursing Students as Measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (N: 117) on Table 1, it shows that the majority of respondents are female, accounting for 88.9%, the majority are aged 19 years, comprising 36.8%, and the largest number of respondents are in the first year of study, representing 46.2% of the total sample.

Table 3 .
Sleep Quality (PSQI Total Score) Based on Respondent Characteristics