THE CORRELATION AMONG LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF ERGONOMICS AND LOW BACK PAIN COMPLAINTS IN INPATIENT NURSES

Low Back Pain (LBP) is a collection of several clinical symptoms that are marked by pain or discomfort in the lower back, which may or may not extend to the legs. Incorrect ergonomics is the primary factor contributing to lower back pain (LBP) among nurses. The objective of this study was to establish a correlation between the extent of ergonomics knowledge and the occurrence of lower back pain (LBP) complaints among nurses who work with hospitalised patients. This study employed a correlational quantitative design, utilising a cross-sectional technique. The sample size for this study consisted of 158 nurses working in the inpatient unit of a private hospital in Indonesia. The sampling technique employed was a total sampling, resulting in a sample size of 158 nurses. The research employed questionnaires that were both valid and trustworthy. The questionnaires assessing knowledge of ergonomics were devised by Bunga et al. (2019), whilst the questionnaire pertaining to low back pain was formulated by Deria (2021). The findings of the Pearson chi-square statistical test indicated a p-value of 0.105, suggesting that there was no statistically significant association between the level of knowledge of ergonomics postures and complaints of low back pain among inpatient nurses. Inpatient nurses have the ability to discover and implement ergonomic postures in their regular tasks. Further research could be undertaken on the elements that can induce low back discomfort..


INTRODUCTION
Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent global health issue and a frequent source of workrelated health complications, particularly among healthcare professionals, notably in the nursing field (Dlungwane et al, 2018).
The prevalence of LBP cases among health personnel in France varies from 15% to 45% on a global scale.The prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) in the United States is reported to be 13.1% among those aged 20-69 years (Allegri et al., 2016).In Indonesia, the 2018 survey conducted by Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) revealed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disease was 7.30%.Moreover, according to a doctor's diagnosis, the region with the highest occurrence of musculoskeletal disease was Aceh, with a prevalence rate of 13.26%.This was followed by Bengkulu at 12.11%, Bali at 10.46%, Papua at 10.43%, and Banten at 6.15%.
Multiple studies have indicated that the primary factors that increase the risk of lower back pain (LBP) in nurses include the act of lifting and moving patients, maintaining an unstable body posture, inadequate work organisation, improper ergonomic positioning, unsuitable job design, limited social support, low job satisfaction, staff shortages, and unfavourable working conditions (Dlungwane, 2018).Incorrect ergonomics or excessive workload might lead to low back pain (Sulistyaningtyas, 2022) consequences for nurses, affecting both their personal lives and their families (Tariq et al., 2023).
Adopting an ergonomic posture is necessary when working or performing a task in order to enhance safety, increase job productivity, and minimise work-related hazards (Prapti et al., 2020).One way to apply ergonomic principles to work is by alternating between standing, sitting, and walking positions.The height of the desk or table should be adjusted according to the specific task at hand.For men, the maximum height should be 110 cm, while for women it should be 105 cm.The minimum height for both men and women should be 90 cm and 85 cm, respectively (Marbun, 2020)

RESULT
The research results are presented in the The most common educational history was Registered Nurse, 89 respondents (56.3%).
In addition, most of the respondents, 97 people (61.4%) did not have a history of spinal disease.(Ramdani, 2018).
The results of this study align with the research conducted by Astuti (2022) The link between these two variables is not altered by the characteristics of the

CONCLUSION
The study using Pearson chi-square revealed that there was no statistically significant correlation between the level of knowledge , which yielded a non-significant connection (p = 0.574) between knowledge level and low back pain.Hendrasari et al. (2017) provide additional evidence for this research by examining the correlation between the level of expertise in ergonomics and habitual learning positions with the occurrence of low back pain in a sample of 60 respondents.The findings of this study indicated that there was no statistically significant correlation between the level of expertise in ergonomics and the occurrence of complaints related to low back pain, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.583 (p-value > 0.05).Nevertheless, this research contradicts the findings of Dewi's (2017) study.The statistical test findings indicate a significant association between the amount of knowledge of nurses about ergonomic positions and the occurrence of low back pain in Tarakan General Hospital, as evidenced by a p-value of 0.001.The findings of this study suggest that there is no correlation between the level of expertise and reports of low back pain in nurses who are hospitalised.This occurs because having strong information reduces the likelihood of getting low back discomfort.The acquisition of knowledge is derived from the processing and application of information in daily life, including professional activities(Astuti, 2022).Acquiring a proficient understanding of ergonomics will heighten the nurse's consciousness, enabling them to effectively use appropriate ergonomic principles in their work.Additionally, by using the ideal ergonomic position while working, the nurse can reduce the occurrence of lower back pain complaints.
of ergonomic positions and complaints of Low Back Pain among inpatient nurses.This was shown by a p-value of 0.105, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05.Furthermore, prospective researchers aiming to investigate the correlation between ergonomic posture and complaints of lower back pain (LBP) should be capable of exploring the causative aspects of LBP and performing studies with higher sample sizes, such as in intensive care units and emergency departments.The researchers also anticipate that future investigators will not only depend on a single hospital, but rather have the option to select other hospitals as research sites.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This publication is supported by the Centre of Research and Community Development (Lembaga Penelitian Dan Pengabdian kepa da Masyarakat) Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH).The authors would also like to thank to all nurses at a private hospital in West of Indonesia.

Table 2 .
Frequency Distribution of Level of

Table 3 .
Frequency Distribution of Low Back Pain

Table 4 .
Correlation Among Level of Knowledge of Ergonomics with Low Back Pain Complaints (n=158)