CREATIVITY, PROACTIVE PERSONALITY, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION: THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ALERTNESS

Sean Lawrence, Patricia Patricia

Abstract


Millions of people live in uncertainty even more after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, creativity, proactive personality, entrepreneurial alertness, and entrepreneurial intention are required to reach the break-even point or gain business opportunities during the pandemic. This research aims to analyze the effects of university students' creativity and proactive personality towards entrepreneurial intention through a mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness in Indonesia. The research is quantitative and it uses non-probability sampling. The respondents for this study are 370 university students in Indonesia. The data was gathered using an online questionnaire and tested using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0 by conducting validity, reliability, and hypothesis tests. Based on the hypothesis testing, the research shows that creativity has a positive effect on entrepreneurial alertness, proactive personality has a positive effect on entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial alertness has a positive effect towards entrepreneurial intention, creativity has a positive effect towards entrepreneurial intention through a mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness, and proactive personality has a positive effect towards entrepreneurial intention through a mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness.


Keywords


creativity; proactive personality; entrepreneurial alertness; entrepreneurial intention; innovation



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/ms.v3i1.6865

Full Text:

PDF

References


Agustina, T. S., & Fauzia, D. S. (2021). The need for achievement, risk-taking propensity, and entrepreneurial intention of the generation Z. Risenologi, 6(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2021.61.161

Antoncic, B., & Hisrich R. D. (2003). Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(1), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000310461187

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Hasil survei kegiatan usaha pada masa pandemi COVID-19. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/12/20/6f33d7296975e65db707fade/hasil-survei-kegiatan-usaha-pada-masa-pandemi-covid-19.html

Baron, R. A. (2006). Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition: How entrepreneurs “connect the dots” to identify new business opportunities. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2006.19873412

Blauth, M., Mauer, R. & Brettel, M. (2014). Fostering creativity in new product development through entrepreneurial decision making. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23(4), 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12094

Bougie, R., & Sekaran, U. (2019). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Campos, H. M. (2016). The role of creativity in mediating the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial alertness. Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Negócios, 18(61), 457–472. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v18i61.3010

Campos, H. M. (2017). Impact of entrepreneurial passion on entrepreneurial orientation with the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness for technology-based firms in Mexico. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(2), 353–374. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2016-0166

Elsaied, M. M. (2019). Supportive leadership, proactive personality and employee voice behavior. American Journal of Business, 34(1), 2– 18. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJB-01-2017-0004

Gaglio, C. M., & Katz, J. A. (2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: Entrepreneurial alertness. Small Business Economics, 16(2), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011132102464

Ghozali, I. (2012). Aplikasi analisis multivariete dengan program IBM SPSS 23. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.

Gozukara, I., & Colakoglu, N. (2016). Enhancing entrepreneurial intention and innovativeness of university students: The mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. International Business Research, 9(2), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n2p34

Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., Gudergan, S. P., Fischer, A., Nitzl, C., & Menictas, C. (2019). Partial least squares structural equation modeling based discrete choice modeling: An illustration in modeling retailer choice. Business Research, 12(1), 115–142

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publications Inc.

Hansen, D. J., Shrader, R., & Monllor, J. (2011). Defragmenting definitions of entrepreneurial opportunity. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(2), 283–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2011.00325.x

Hassan, M. U., & Fatima, S. (2013). The role of human capital endowment in explaining entrepreneurial intentions. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(2), 187–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.17.02.12087

Hassan, A., Saleem, I., Anwar, I., & Hussain, S. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: The role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education + Training, 62(7/8), 843–861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033

Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., Cardella, G. M., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Psychological factors that lessen the impact of covid-19 on the self- employment intention of business administration and economics’ students from Latin America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155293

Ho, M. H. R., Uy, M. A., Kang, B. N., & Chan, K. Y. (2018). Impact of entrepreneurship training on entrepreneurial efficacy and alertness among adolescent youth. Frontiers in Education, 3(13). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00013

Hu, R., Wang, L., Zhang, W., & Bin, P. (2018). Creativity, proactive personality, and entrepreneurial intention: The role of entrepreneurial alertness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00951

Hu, S., Liu, H., Zhang, S., & Wang, G. (2020). Proactive personality and cross-cultural adjustment: Roles of social media usage and cultural intelligence. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 74, 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.10.002

Kirzner, I. M. (2009). The alert and creative entrepreneur: A clarification. Small Business Economics, 32(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9153-7

Kolvereid, L., & Isaksen, E. (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(6), 866–885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.06.008

Li, Y., Wang, P., & Liang, Y. J. (2015). Influence of entrepreneurial experience, alertness, and prior knowledge on opportunity recognition. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 43(9), 1575–1583. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.9.1575

Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2006). Testing the entrepreneurial intention model on a two-country sample. IDEAS. https://ideas.repec.org/p/bbe/wpaper/0607.html

McMullen, J. S., & Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132–152. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379628

McPherson, G. E., & Welch, G. F. (Eds.). (2012). The oxford handbook of music education, Volume 1. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199730810.001.0001

Mustafa, M. J., Hernandez, E., Mahon, C., & Chee, L. K. (2016). Entrepreneurial intentions of university students in an emerging economy: The influence of university support and proactive personality on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-10-2015-0058

Neneh, B. N. (2019). From entrepreneurial alertness to entrepreneurial behavior: The role of trait competitiveness and proactive personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 138, 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.10.020

Obschonka, M., Kai, H., Lonka, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: Entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood. Small Business Economics, 48, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9798-6

Plucker, J. A., Beghetto, R. A., & Dow, G. T. (2004). Why isn't creativity more important to educational psychologists? Potentials, pitfalls, and future directions in creativity research. Educational Psychologist, 39(2), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep3902_1

Rais, A. B. (2021). Kajian singkat, terhadap isu aktual dan strategis dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap sektor usaha mikro, kecil,dan menengah serta solusinya. Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI.

Ratten, V. (2020). Coronavirus (covid-19) and entrepreneurship: Changing life and work landscape. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 32(5), 503–516. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1790167

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior (15th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.

Samo, A. H., & Hashim, N. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurial alertness on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 1(6), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.16.3001

Satyalakshmi, K. (2017). Understanding the entrepreneurial intentions of the Indian millennials: A pilot study. IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 14(2).

Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., Powell, B. C., & Zhou, H. (2018). Entrepreneurial intentions and start-ups: Are women or men more likely to enact their intentions?. International Small Business Journal, 36(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242617704277

Short, J. C., Ketchen, D. J., Shook, C. L., & Ireland, R. D. (2010). The concept of opportunity in entrepreneurship research: Past accomplishments and future challenges. Journal of Management, 36(1), 40–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309342746

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Tang, J., Kacmar, K. M. M., & Busenitz, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(1), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.07.001

Tantawy, M., Herbert, K., McNally, J. J., Mengel, T., Piperopoulos, P., & Foord, D. (2021). Bringing creativity back to entrepreneurship education: Creative self-efficacy, creative process engagement, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15, e00239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00239

Thompson, E. R. (2009). Individual entrepreneurial intent: Construct clarification and development of an internationally reliable metric. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 669–694. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00321.x

Uy, M. A., Chan, K. Y., Sam, Y. L., Ho, M. H. R., & Chernyshenko, O. S. (2015). Proactivity, adaptability and boundaryless career attitudes: The mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 86, 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.11.005

Valliere, D. (2013). Towards a schematic theory of entrepreneurial alertness. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(3), 430–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.08.004

Walia, C. (2019). A dynamic definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 31(3), 237–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2019.1641787

Wang, Z., Yu, K., Xi, R., & Zhang, X. (2019). Servant leadership and career success: The effects of career skills and proactive personality. Career Development International, 24(7), 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-03-2019-0088

Yasir, N., Mahmood, N., Jutt, A. A., Babar, M., Irfan, M., Jamil, F., Shaukat, M. Z., Khan, H. M., & Liren, A. (2020). How can entrepreneurial self-efficacy, proactivity and creativity enhance sustainable recognition opportunity? The effect of entrepreneurial alertness is to mediate the formation of sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Revista Argentina de Clinica Psicologica, 29(5), 1004–1023. https://www.revistaclinicapsicologica.com/archivesarticle.php?id=207

Yi, G. (2021). From green entrepreneurial intentions to green entrepreneurial behaviors: The role of university entrepreneurial support and external institutional support. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17(2), 963–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00649-y

Zampetakis, L. A. (2008). The role of creativity and proactivity on perceived entrepreneurial desirability. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3(2), 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2008.07.002

Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 682–696. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069410


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Sean Lawrence, Patricia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

favicon  Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis | Universitas Pelita Harapan | Kampus Universitas Pelita Harapan | Gedung F Lt. 12 | Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang - 15811 | Telp 021-5460901 | Fax 54210992

Flag Counter