PROSPEK KECERDASAN BUATAN SEBAGAI SUBJEK HUKUM PERDATA DI INDONESIA [Prospects of Artificial Intelligence As a Subject of Civil Law in Indonesia]
Abstract
AI is a technology that refers to the simulation of human intelligence programmed into an electronic medium to think and act like a human. It is necessary to know the status and position of artificial intelligence in law, especially in the civil field. It can be thought of as an object. But, AI moves autonomously like humans. Of course, this becomes a problem of identifying its status. This study will discuss on the existence of AI and its regulations, also the prospects for AI as legal subject of civil law in Indonesia. This is juridical-normative research with comparative law, legal history, and legislation approaches. The data used is secondary data. The qualitative method is used to analyze and describe the data descriptively. From the research results, it is known that AI is now growing, however it is still having many perspectives of regulations. The way of thinking on legal entity theory could be the measure to regulate the AI. AI can be seen as legal subject, but it will be a problem when AI cannot be held accountable independently. AI can be valued as an object; thus, AI will be attached to the responsibility of its owner. AI can also be considered as legal subject that has partial legal capacity as the doctrine of in loco parentis, which means it is judged as a child. Whatever the choice, it is time for Indonesia to have a legal concept to be the basis for regulations related to AI.
Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Kecerdasan buatan merupakan teknologi yang mengacu pada simulasi kecerdasan manusia yang diprogram ke dalam suatu media elektronik untuk berpikir layaknya manusia dan meniru tindakan manusia. Karenanya perlu diketahui status dan kedudukan kecerdasan buatan di dalam hukum, terutama dalam bidang perdata. Di satu sisi, ia dapat dianggap sebagai benda. Namun di sisi lain ia bergerak secara otonom layaknya manusia. Tentunya hal ini menjadi sebuah permasalahan identifikasi statusnya. Oleh sebab itu, dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas terkait eksistensi kecerdasan buatan dan pengaturannya, serta prospek kecerdasan buatan sebagai subjek hukum perdata di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan hukum, sejarah hukum, dan perundang-undangan. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisa dan memaparkan data secara deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa kecerdasan buatan kini kian berkembang, tetapi pengaturannya masih beragam. Kecerdasan buatan bisa dipandang sebagai subjek hukum, tetapi akan menjadi permasalahan ketika kecerdasan buatan tersebut tidak dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban mandiri. Kecerdasan buatan dapat dinilai sebagai benda, dengan demikian kecerdasan buatan akan melekat dengan pertanggungjawaban pemiliknya sebagaimana hukum kebendaan. Kecerdasan buatan dapat juga dianggap sebagai subjek hukum yang mempunyai legal capacity parsial sebagaimana doktrin in loco parentis, yang berarti dinilai seperti anak. Apapun pilihannya, sudah waktunya Indonesia memiliki konsep hukum untuk menjadi landasan dalam pengaturan terkait kecerdasan buatan.
Keywords
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i2.3513
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