PELAKSANAAN HAK EKSEKUSI KREDITOR SEPARATIS DALAM KEPAILITAN [Implementation of the Right to Execute by Separated Creditors in Bankruptcy]

Abstract

Abstract

This study aims to understand and analyze the implementation of the right to execute of the separated creditors from the perspective of Law on Bankruptcy, and the implementation of the time limitation set by Article 59 paragraph (1) dan (2) Law on Bankruptcy. It was normative legal study, using primary, secondary and tertiary materials. The data were collected by documentation method using the document study tools and was analyzed qualitatively. The study has found that the collateral rights on the property hold by the separated creditors, are considered as bankruptcy estate at the time of the bankruptcy declaration, so the execution implementation is affected by the process of bankruptcy. The separated creditors must have started to implement the rights within no more than two months since the commencement of insolvency. If the execution has been completed, the separated creditors are required to provide the accountability report to curator. If there is remaining after the sale, the separated creditors should hand it over to the curator to be distributed to other creditors. The beginning and completion of the right to execute are firmly stipulated in the Law on Bankruptcy. However, the action of the separated creditors which could be considered as stop or no longer carry out the rights, do not have a definite measurement. In conclusion, 1) the collateral rights on the property hold by the separated creditors, are considered as bankruptcy estate at the time of the bankruptcy declaration, so the execution must be implemented with regard to the Law on Bankruptcy, and 2) the time limitation of the right to execute is not relevant to be set since there is a mechanism to protect the right of concurrent and preferred creditors though the bankruptcy process has been ended.

Keywords: The Right to Execute, Separated Creditors, Bankruptcy

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelaksanaan hak eksekusi kreditor separatis dalam perspektif UU Kepailitan dan PKPU, serta penerapan pembatasan jangka waktu pelaksanaan hak eksekusi kreditor separatis berdasarkan Pasal 59 ayat (1) dan (2) UU Kepailitan dan PKPU. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Data dikumpulkan studi kepustakaan, yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa objek jaminan kebedaan yang dipegang oleh kreditor separatis merupakan bagian dari harta pailit terhitung sejak putusan pernyataan pailit diucapkan, sehingga pelaksanaan eksekusinya tidak tak terpengaruh proses kepailitan. Kreditor separatis harus sudah mulai dilaksanakan dalam waktu dua bulan sejak insolvensi. Apabila eksekusi telah selesai, maka kreditor separatis wajib memberikan laporan pertanggungjawaban kepada kurator. Jika terdapat sisa hasil penjualan objek jaminan kebendaan, maka bagian tersebut harus diserahkan kepada kurator untuk dibagikan kepada kreditor lainnya. Penentuan mulainya dan selesainya hak eksekusi kreditor separatis diatur secara tegas dalam UU Kepailitan dan PKPU, namun kapan kreditor separatis dianggap berhenti atau tidak lagi melaksanakan haknya, belum memiliki tolok ukur yang pasti. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah: 1) terhitung sejak putusan pernyataan pailit diucapkan, seluruh harta kekayaan debitor termasuk objek jaminan kebendaan yang telah diagunkan secara otomatis menjadi harta pailit, sehingga pelaksanaan eksekusinya wajib dilaksanakan dengan mengindahkan UU Kepailitan dan PKPU, dan 2) pembatasan jangka waktu pelaksanaan hak eksekusi kreditor separatis tidak relevan untuk diatur mengingat sudah ada perlindungan terkait pelunasan piutang bagi kreditor preferen dan kreditor konkuren meskipun kepailitan telah berakhir.

Kata kunci: Hak Eksekusi, Kreditor Separatis, Kepailitan