The Use of Music Pattern Imitation Activity in Music Therapy to Improve Short-Term Memory in Patients with Stroke : A Case Study [Studi Kasus Penerapan Kegiatan Imitasi Pola Musik dalam Terapi Musik guna Meningkatkan Kemampuan Memori Jangka Pendek pada Pasien dengan Stroke]
Keywords:
Music Therapy, Stroke, Short Term Memory, Imitation of Music PatternAbstract
Stroke is a medical condition that develops rapidly due to a sudden loss of brain function that lasts for more than 24 hours or more and can cause death. Stroke can cause a decrease in several human functional area depends on the brain damage. One of the area is cognition. Cognitive impairment in patients with stroke can lead to short-term memory loss. In this study, music therapy will be given to stroke patients aged 55-70 years old, who have short-term memory loss. Imitation activities of melodic, rhythms, or combination of the two musical elements was used in sessions. Patients were asked to imitate the music pattern that played by the researcher. This study was conducted by observing the patient’s progress form session to session and comparing the initial and final of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Digit Span Assessment. The results showed an improvement in short-term memory of the patients through the implementation of ten sessions of music therapy. At the end of session, the patients were able to play longer and more complex musical patterns.
Abstrak in Bahasa Indonesia:
Stroke merupakan suatu kondisi yang berkembang pesat akibat adanya tanda- tanda gangguan pada fungsi otak yang berlangsung lebih dari 24 jam atau lebih dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Stroke dapat menyebabkan penurunan terhadap beberapa area fungsional manusia tergantung dari kerusakan otak pasca stroke, salah satunya adalah area kognisi. Gangguan kognisi pada pasien dengan stroke dapat menyebabkan penurunan kemampuan memori jangka pendek. Dalam penelitian ini, terapi musik akan diberikan kepada pasien berusia 55-70 tahun dengan stroke, yang mempunyai gangguan pada kemampuan memori jangka pendek. Intervensi terapi musik yang diberikan berupa kegiatan imitasi pola melodi, ritme, atau gabungan dari kedua elemen musik tersebut. Pasien akan diminta untuk meniru pola musik yang dimainkan oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengobservasi perkembangan pasien dari sesi ke sesi dan melihat perbandingan hasil asesmen Montreal Cognitive Assessment dan Digit Span. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan memori jangka pendek pada pasien dengan stroke melalui pelaksanaan sepuluh sesi terapi musik. Di akhir sesi, pasien mampu memainkan pola musik yang lebih panjang dan kompleks.
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