Perdagangan Antara Indonesia dan Amerika Latin: Integrasi Melalui De Jure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/verity.v17i33.9528Kata Kunci:
Integrasi Perdagangan, Mitra Non Tradisional, Mitra Tradisional, Tekanan Persaingan, Pembelajaran KebijakanAbstrak
Indonesia membentuk integrasi perdagangan secara de jure dengan Amerika Latin, meskipun ekspor ke kawasan tersebut relatif rendah dan kemauan politik untuk berintegrasi masih minim. Selain itu, rendahnya minat pengusaha Indonesia dalam perdagangan dengan Amerika Latin semakin memperlihatkan kurangnya peluang integrasi. Padahal, idealnya integrasi perdagangan terjadi setelah adanya hubungan dagang yang intens. Fakta ini menimbulkan pertanyaan penelitian: Mengapa Indonesia langsung membentuk integrasi perdagangan secara de jure dengan Amerika Latin? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka, kemudian dianalisis melalui illustrative method. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep yang dikenalkan oleh Gamso dan Postnikov (2021) terkait South South Country Form Trade Integration yang didorong 2 hal. Pertama, competition pressure untuk bersaing dengan sesame negara selatan. Kedua, policy learning bahwa pengalaman integrasi perdagangan dengan mitra tradisional dijadikan acuan untuk membentuk hal serupa ke sesama negara selatan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia membentuk integrasi perdagangan de jure dengan Amerika Latin karena policy learning. Pengalaman dalam membentuk integrasi perdagangan dengan mitra tradisional membuat Indonesia terbiasa dengan standar dan pola negosiasi tertentu. Pendekatan serupa diterapkan pada Amerika Latin dengan format perjanjian yang sudah terbukti efektif, mempercepat dan memperdalam integrasi perdagangan. Dalam konteks competition pressure, langkah ini bukan untuk bersaing dengan Amerika Latin, melainkan untuk menjaga konsistensi integrasi perdagangan seperti dengan mitra tradisional.
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