Menuju Ruang yang Lebih Aman (Virtual): Tantangan ASEAN dalam Memerangi Kekerasan Online Berbasis Gender di Era Pasca Pandemi COVID-19 [Towards a Safer Room (Virtual): The Challenges of ASEAN in Fighting Online Gender-Based Violence in the Era of Post COVID-19 Pandemic]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/verity.v15i29.7405Keywords:
Online Gender-Based Violence, Kekerasan Digital Berbasis Gender, ASEAN, Keamanan Siber, Cyber SecurityAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed human communication patterns by encouraging more intense digital interactions. The push for access to the internet is also getting higher to complement the limitations of the offline space of various social and economic activities, which are transformed into digital space. Even though we have entered the post-pandemic era, internet users continue to increase. Moreover, as one of the most dynamic regions and high internet penetration Southeast Asian nations are prone to online gender-based violence. This research focuses on how far ASEAN as a regional organization addressing online gender-based violence. The gender approach and cyber security are used as a conceptual framework to describe the role and challenges of ASEAN in eradicating OGBV during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research results highlighted how far COVID-19 shapes people's interactions and eventually creates insecurities in the cyber arena. Gender approach contextualized gender bias and imbalance of power relations in a patriarchal society as cyber security is highly labeled as masculine. Thus, a collaboration between state, intergovernmental organizations, and domestic stakeholders is necessary in order to eradicate OGBV, promoting gender equality in ASEAN legal framework in order to establish a safer virtual space for Southeast Asian society.
Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Pandemi COVID-19 telah mengubah pola komunikasi manusia dengan terus mendukung interaksi digital yang semakin intens. Tekanan untuk akses terhadap internet juga terus meningkat untuk mendukung keterbatasan interaksi luar jaringan dalam bentuk beragam aktivitas sosial dan ekonomi, yang kemudian dialihkan ke dunia maya. Meskipun kita sudah memasuki era pasca pandemi, pengguna internet terus mengalami peningkatan. Selain itu, sebagai salah satu kawasan yang paling dinamis dan memiliki tingkat penetrasi internet yang tinggi, Asia Tenggara cenderung rawan terhadap kekerasan digital berbasis gender. Penelitian ini berfokus pada sejauh mana ASEAN sebagai organisasi regional menangani kekerasan digital berbasis gender. Pendekatan gender dan keamanan siber digunakan sebagai kerangka konseptual untuk menjelaskan peran dan tantangan ASEAN dlam melawan OGBV selama dan setelah pandemi COVID-19. Hasil penelitian ini menekankan pada sejauh mana COVID-19 membentuk interaksi manusia dan akhirnya membentuk kecemasan di arena siber. Pendekatan gender membentuk kontekstualisasi prasangka gender dan ketimpangan relasi kuasa dalam lingkungan yang patriarki di tengah keamanan siber yang lebih banyak dicap berdasarkan maskulinitas. Sehingga, kolaborasi antara negara, organisasi internasional antarpemerintah, dan pemangku kepentingan domestik dibutuhkan untuk menghapuskan OGBV, hingga mempromosikan kesetaraan gender dalam kerangka hukum ASEAN untuk menetapkan ruang virtual yang lebih aman bagi masyarakat Asia Tenggara.
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