The Rise of Inequality in Indonesia: The Effects of Globalization in the Labor Markets

Roy Andy Panjaitan

Abstract


The most pressing issue in the world today is the worsening inequality of income and widespread inequality. Globalization has had a significant impact on the labor market caused by the decisions of global companies to relocate activities centered on physical manpower and relying less on foreign expertise. At the same time, global companies continue to rely on domestic work expertise. This has resulted in increased demand for skilled and higher education workers in various sectors, while at the same time a decreased demand for less skilled workers and special skills. This global issue also occurs in Indonesia which causes inequality of income between labor. This paper elaborates on theories of economic inequality as well as issues of income inequality in Indonesia according to a recent World Bank study. The authors conclude that the imbalanced incomes of labor income require a solution from  various actors such as government, private sector, non-governmental institutions, and academic institutions.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Permasalahan nomor satu yang sangat mendesak di dunia saat ini adalah ketimpangan pendapatan yang semakin memburuk dan berdampak luas. Globalisasi telah menghasilkan dampak signifikan terhadap pasar tenaga kerja yang disebabkan karena adanya keputusan perusahan–perusahan global untuk merelokasi aktivitas yang berpusat pada tenaga fisik manusia dan kurang mengandalkan keahlian ke luar negeri. Disaat yang sama, perusahaan-perusahaan global tetap melakukan aktivitas yang mengandalkan keahlian kerja dalam negeri. Hal ini telah mengakibatkan meningkatnya permintaan tenaga kerja yang memiliki keahlian dan pendidikan tinggi di berbagai sektor, disaat yang sama menurunnya permintaan tenaga kerja yang kurang memiliki keahlian dan ketrampilan khusus. Isu global ini juga terjadi di Indonesia yang menyebabkan terjadinya ketimpangan pendapatan antar tenaga kerja. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi teori tentang ketimpangan ekonomi serta isu ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia sesuai studi terakhir Bank Dunia. Penulis sampai pada kesimpulan bahwa ketimpangan pendapatan tenaga kerja yang terus berlangsung memerlukan solusi berbagai aktor seperti pemerintah, sektor swasta, aktor/lembaga non pemerintah serta akademisi.


Keywords


Globalization; Inequality; The World Bank; Labor; Poverty; Globalisasi; Ketimpangan; Bank Dunia; Tenaga Kerja; Kemiskinan



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/verity.v8i16.724

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