AANZFTA: UPAYA MEMBANGUN PERDAMAIAN NEGATIF MELALUI KERJA SAMA INTERNASIONAL [AANZFTA: EFFORTS ON BUILDING NEGATIVE PEACE THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION]

Jane Sherly Stephanie, Jasmine Sika Dewita

Abstract


Interaction in the international system creates cooperation between countries and can also create conflicts when interests between countries clash. There are two approaches used in resolving conflict; associative where countries seek to cooperate with each other; and disassociative involving military force and political separation (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). One of Indonesia’s associative efforts in maintaining its diplomatic relations with Australia is by using ASEAN to form the AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Apart from geographical proximity, the socio-economic development opportunities for all parties, this cooperation is also a geopolitical strategy for Australian security and provides political legitimacy for ASEAN in the international world. Using a case study method that focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, mainly through the AANZFTA, this paper will explain ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand’s reasons and interests as well as strengths and weaknesses in them. Through discussion and analysis results, it can be concluded that international cooperation was formed to build negative peace after the World War. Then over time, non-traditional issues increasingly encourage international cooperation to develop positive peace with moral values and peaceful dispute resolution without violence. Although the impact is the domination of big countries and sacrificing small and developing countries’ sovereignty, each country will always prioritize its own interests. This study’s results can provide an overview of the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia multilaterally through AANZFTA. At the same time, the bilateral relationship between the two can be reviewed in further research.


Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Interaksi dalam sistem internasional tidak hanya menciptakan kerja sama antar negara, tetapi juga bisa melahirkan konflik saat kepentingan antar negara berbenturan. Terdapat dua pendekatan yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan konflik; associative dimana negara berupaya untuk saling bekerjasama; dan disassociative yang melibatkan kekuatan militer dan pemisahan politik (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). Salah satu upaya asosiatif yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam menjaga hubungan diplomatiknya dengan Australia adalah dengan memanfaatkan ASEAN untuk membentuk AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Selain karena faktor kedekatan geografis, peluang pembangunan sosial- ekonomi bagi seluruh pihak, kerja sama ini juga merupakan strategi geopolitik bagi keamanan Australia dan memberi legitimasi politik bagi ASEAN di dunia internasional. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus yang berfokus pada dinamika hubungan antara ASEAN dengan Australia dan Selandia Baru, khususnya melalui AANZFTA, makalah ini akan menjelaskan alasan dan kepentingan ASEAN serta Australia dan Selandia Baru, sekaligus kekuatan dan kelemahan di dalamnya. Melalui pembahasan dan hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kerja sama internasional dibentuk dengan tujuan membangun perdamaian negatif pasca Perang Dunia. Kemudian seiring perkembangan zaman, isu-isu non-tradisional semakin mendorong kerja sama internasional menjadi pembangunan perdamaian positif dengan nilai-nilai moral dan penyelesaian perselisihan secara damai tanpa kekerasan. Meskipun dampaknya adalah dominasi negara-negara besar dan mengorbankan kedaulatan negara-negara kecil dan berkembang, setiap negara akan selalu mengutamakan kepentingannya sendiri. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran umum mengenai hubungan diplomatik Indonesia dan Australia secara multilateral melalui AANZFTA, sementara hubungan keduanya secara bilateral dapat dikaji kembali dalam penelitian lebih lanjut.


Keywords


International Cooperation; Negative Peace; AANZFTA; ASEAN; Australia and New Zealand



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/verity.v12i24.3281

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