KEKUATAN LAUT AS DI YOKOSUKA JEPANG DALAM MENGHADAPI KEKUATAN LAUT TIONGKOK DI CHINA’S NEAR-SEAS REGION (2013-2017) [US MARITIME POWER IN YOKOSUKA, JAPAN FACING CHINA'S MARITIME POWER IN CHINA'S NEAR-SEAS REGION (2013-2017)]

Muhammad Fauzan Malufti, Arfin Sudirman

Abstract


This article aims to describe the function of US sea power in Yokosuka, Japan against Chinese sea power in China’s Near-Seas Region in 2013-2017. In the past two decades, the increasing of Chinese military power and coercive policy in the South, East, and Yellow China Sea, or the so-called China's Near-seas Region (CNR), have created regional security concern for the United States. The Chinese naval ability to carry out A2/AD operations in this area has eliminated the immunity of US warships that previously could operate freely without any significant threat. In order to confront the threat, the US government issued new policies, strategies and operational concepts where one of the most important elements of military force in charge of carrying it out was its sea power element in the form of surface warship stationed at the Yokosuka naval base. By using the concept of Sea Power and Maritime Warfare, this article concludes that in order to face the threats posed by China on CNR, US surface warships are expected to carry out strategies and operational concepts that are in line with two basic functions of sea power, sea control, and expedition operations albeit with a high risk in the event of war. This article uses a qualitative research method where data is collected through literature studies and interviews.

Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi kekuatan laut AS yang ditempatkan di Yokosuka Jepang dalam menghadapi kekuatan laut Tiongkok di China’s Near-seas Region pada tahun 2013-2017. Dalam dua dekade terakhir, peningkatan kekuatan militer dan aktivitas koersif Tiongkok di LTS, LTT, dan Laut Kuning, dikenal juga dengan nama China’s Near-seas Region (CNR), telah menciptakan kekhawatiran bagi Amerika Serikat. Kemampuan angkatan laut Tiongkok untuk melakukan operasi A2/AD diwilayah ini telah menghilangkan imunitas kapal-kapal perang AS yang sebelumnya dapat beroperasi secara bebas tanpa adanya ancaman berarti. Untuk menghadapi ancaman tersebut, militer AS mengeluarkan strategi maupun konsep operasional baru dimana salah satu unsur kekuatan militer paling utama yang bertugas menjalankannya adalah unsur kekuatan laut dalam wujud kapal-kapal perang permukaan yang ditempatkan di pangkalan angkatan laut Yokosuka, Jepang. Dengan menggunakan konsep Sea Power dan Maritime Warfare , artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa guna menghadapi ancaman Tiongkok di CNR, kapal-kapal perang permukaan AS tersebut diharapkan dapat menjalankan srategi dan konsep operasional yang sesuai dengan fungsi dasar kekuatan laut yaitu pengendalian laut dan operasi ekspedisi meskipun dengan resiko yang tinggi jika terjadi perang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dimana data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dan juga wawancara.


Keywords


CNR; A2 / AD; Sea Power; Yokosuka; Marine Control



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/verity.v12i23.2487

Full Text:

PDF

References


Beng, B. (2016). The combat utility of the U.S. fleet aircraft carrier in the post-war period. Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 16(4), 67-105. Retrieved from http://jmss.org/jmss/index.php/jmss/article/view/640/pdf

Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2016). Asia-Pacific rebalance 2025: Capabilities, presence, and partnership. Retrieved from https://www.csis.org/analysis/asia-pacific-rebalance-2025

Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2017). How much trade transits the South China Sea? ChinaPower Project. Retrieved from https://chinapower.csis.org/much-trade-transits-south-china-sea/

Clark, B. (2015). The role of surface forces in presence, deterrence, and warfighting. Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Retrieved from https://csbaonline.org/research/publications/the-role-of-surface-forces-in-presence-deterrence-and-warfighting

CNA. (2012). The Long Littoral Project: East China and Yellow Seas. CNA. Retrieved from https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/IOP-2012-U-002207-Final.pdf

Commander U.S. Pacific Fleet. (2017). About. Retrieved from http://www.cpf.navy.mil/about/

Cordesman, A. H., & Colley, S. (2015). Chinese strategy and military modernization in 2015: A comparative analysis. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved from http://csis.org/files/publication/150901_Chinese_Mil_Bal.pdf

Cronin, P. M., Rapp-Hooper, M., Krejsa, H., Sullivan, A., & Doshi, R. (2017). Beyond the San Hai: The challenge of China’s blue-water navy. Center for a New American Security. Retrieved from https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/beyond-the-san-hai

Erickson, A., & Wuthnow, J. (2016). Barriers, springboards and benchmarks: China conceptualizes the Pacific “island chains”. The China Quarterly, 225, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741016000011

Heath, T. R. (2018). Chinese political and military thinking regarding Taiwan and East and South China Seas. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Retrieved from https://blogs.shu.edu/diplomacy/files/2012/05/009_Holmes_Layout-1a.pdf

Holmes, J. (2010). A "fortress fleet" for China. The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, 125. Retrieved from https://blogs.shu.edu/diplomacy/files/2012/05/009_Holmes_Layout-1a.pdf

Holmes, J. R. (2018, 22 May). [Interview with U. S. Naval War College professor by Muhammad Fauzan Maluft].

Li, N. (2011). The evolution of China’s naval strategy and capabilities: From “Near Coast” and “Near Seas” to “Far Seas”. In P. Saunders (Ed.), The Chinese Navy expanding capabilities, evolving roles (pp. 117-130). Washington DC: National Defense University Press. Retrieved from http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/Books/chinese-navy.pdf

Lostumbo, M. J., McNerney, M. J., Peltz, E., Eaton, D., Frelinger, D. R., Greenfield, V. A., Halliday, J., Mills, P., Nardulli, B. R., Pettyjohn, S. L., Sollinger, J. M., & Worman, S. M. (2013). Overseas basing of U.S. Military Forces: An assessment of relative costs and strategic benefits. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR201.html

Naval Technology (2017). Commander fleet activities. Naval Technology. Retrieved from http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/commanderfa/

O'Rourke, R. (2017). China naval modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy capabilities—background and issues for congress. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33153.pdf

Speller, I. (2014). Understanding naval warfare. New York, NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315882260

Sutter, R., Brown, M., & Adamson, T. (2013). Balancing acts: The U.S. rebalance and Asia-Pacific stability. Washington, DC: Sigur Center for Asian Studies. Retrieved from https://www2.gwu.edu/~sigur/assets/docs/BalancingActs_Compiled1.pdf

Tao, Z. (2015). Full text: China's military strategy. Retrieved from http://eng.mod.gov.cn/Press/2015-05/26/content_4586805.htm

Till, G. (2009). Seapower: A guide for the twenty-first century (2nd ed.). London, UK: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203880487

U.S. 7th Fleet. (2017). The United States seventh fleet. Retrieved from http://www.c7f.navy.mil/Portals/8/documents/7thFleetTwoPagerFactsheet.pdf?ver=2017-09-20-040335-22

U.S. Department of Defense. (2013). Air-Sea battle: Service collaboration to address anti-access & area denial challenges. Retrieved from https://archive.defense.gov/pubs/ASB-ConceptImplementation-Summary-May-2013.pdf

U.S. Department of Defense. (2017). Annual report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2017. Retrieved from https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF.

U.S. Department of the Navy. (2010). Naval operations concept. Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/doddir/navy/noc2010.pdf

U.S. Department of the Navy. (2015). A cooperative strategy for 21st century seapower. United States Department of the Navy. Retrieved from https://www.navy.mil/local/maritime/150227-CS21R-Final.pdf

U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2013). South China Sea. EIA.gov. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/regions-topics.php?RegionTopicID=SCS

U.S. Geological Survey. (2017). Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the West Korea Bay–North yellow sea basin, North Korea and China, 2017. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved from https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2017/3041/fs20173041.pdf

U.S. Navy. (2018). Our ships. Retrieved from https://www.navy.mil/navydata/our_ships.asp


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Fauzan Malufti, Arfin Sudirman

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

favicon Department of International Relations | Faculty of Political and Social Science | Universitas Pelita Harapan | Indonesia | +62 21 546 0901 |  verity@uph.edu