Digital Currency like Bitcoin within the International Monetary System Field

Afrizal Fajri, Muhammad Yamin

Abstract


Monetary transactions are no longer limited to traditional patterns as electronic systems using internet technology can facilitate whenever and wherever transactions without any face-to-face interaction.  In terms of payment methods, this technology is developing and known as digital currency. Bitcoin is the digital currency with the largest market value. It is an electronic payment system based on a mathematical systems. The idea is to produce an independent currency that is not tied to a particular central authority and has very low transaction costs. Digital currency uses the concept of cryptography to provide basic security functions, such as ensuring that Bitcoin can only be spent by those who have it and it cannot be duplicated. The emergence of this currency has caused controversy in many countries because of its unregulated nature. This study examines Bitcoin and whether it is categorized as money based on the concept of money and how the three main international monetary institutions (IMF, WTO, World Bank) respond to its presence with a basic analysis using the concept of cyberpolitics. This study concludes that Bitcoin has not fully met the criteria as a currency and there are no specific rules yet regarding the existence of digital currency. 

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Berbicara Transaksi, saat ini tidak lagi hanya terbatas pada pola tradisional, melainkan sudah berkembang menjadi lebih jauh ketika Transaksi difasilitasi oleh system elektronik dengan menggunakan teknologi intrenet, sehingga kapanpun dan dimana pun transaksi dapat dilakukan tanpa bertatap muka langsung. Dalam hal metode pembayaran, teknologi ini juga berkembang. Baru-baru ini dikenal juga istilah mata uang digital. Salah satunya adalah Bitcoin. Ini adalah mata uang digital dengan nilai pasar terbesar. Ini adalah sistem pembayaran elektronik yang didasarkan pada sistem matematika. Idenya adalah untuk menghasilkan mata uang independen yang tidak terikat pada otoritas pusat tertentu, dengan biaya transaksi yang sangat rendah. Mata uang digital menggunakan konsep kriptografi untuk menyediakan fungsi keamanan dasar, seperti memastikan bahwa Bitcoin hanya dapat digunakan oleh mereka yang memilikinya dan tidak dapat diduplikasi. Munculnya mata uang ini menimbulkan kontroversi di banyak negara karena sifatnya yang tidak diatur. Studi ini meneliti Bitcoin apakah dikategorikan sebagai uang berdasarkan konsep uang dan bagaimana tiga lembaga moneter internasional utama (IMF, WTO, Bank Dunia) merespons kehadirannya dengan analisis dasar menggunakan konsep cyberpolitik. Akhir dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Bitcoin belum sepenuhnya memenuhi kriteria sebagai mata uang dan tidak ada aturan khusus mengenai keberadaan mata uang digital.


Keywords


digital currency; cyberpolitics; international monetary system; Bitcoin



DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19166/verity.v10i20.1458

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