APLIKASI DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DAN DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L.) DALAM PEMBUATAN SIRUP ANTIOKSIDAN [Application of Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) and Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) in the Making of Antioxidant Syrup]

Abstract

Papaya leaves and guava leaves are widely known by Indonesians and are often used as dishes and traditional medicine. Both of these leaves are known to have anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antioxidant potential due to the presence of polyphenols, vitamins C and E, carotenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Limited use encourages research on processed food products with functional values. This study aims to determine the ratio of papaya leaves and guava leaves and determine the concentration of citric acid and Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) in making antioxidant syrup. Initially, the papaya and guava leaves respectively were extracted with water and mixed, (60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). The ratio of 40:60 was determined as the ratio with the best analysis results (phenolic 2595.54 mg GAE/L, flavonoids 659.07 mg QE/L, IC₅₀ 2678.24 ppm). The syrup with the best ratio was used at a later stage to determine the concentrations of citric acid (1.0, 1.5, dan 2.0%) and CMC (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2%). A series of analyzes determined 2% citric acid and 1% CMC to produce the best antioxidant syrup with pH 2.83, total dissolved solids 51.7°Brix, viscosity 1780.83 cP, phenolic 1823.99 mg GAE/L, flavonoids 516.92 mg QE/L, IC₅₀ 8825.04 ppm (strong category), and still acceptable to consumers (4.59 out of 7.00 scale [neutral]).

 Abstrak

Daun pepaya dan daun jambu biji dikenal luas oleh masyarakat Indonesia serta sering dimanfaatkan sebagai masakan dan obat tradisional. Kedua daun ini diketahui memiliki potensi antidiare, antiinflamasi, antimutagenik, dan antioksidan karena adanya kandungan polifenol, vitamin C dan E, karotenoid, fenolik, dan flavonoid. Keterbatasan pemanfaatan mendorong dilakukannya penelitian produk pangan olahan bernilai fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rasio daun pepaya dan daun jambu biji serta menentukan konsentrasi asam sitrat dan CMC dalam pembuatan sirup antioksidan. Awalnya, daun pepaya dan daun jambu biji masing-masing diekstrak dengan air dan dicampur (60:40, 50:50, dan 40:60). Rasio 40:60 ditentukan sebagai rasio dengan hasil analisis terbaik (fenolik 2595,54 mg GAE/l, flavonoid 659,07 mg QE/l, IC₅₀ sebesar 2678,24 ppm). Sirup dengan rasio terbaik digunakan pada tahap selanjutnya untuk menentukan konsentrasi asam sitrat (1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0%) dan Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) sebesar 0,8; 1; dan 1,2%. Serangkaian analisis menentukan asam sitrat 2% dan CMC 1% menghasilkan sirup antioksidan terbaik dengan pH 2,83, total padatan terlarut (TPT) 51,7°Brix, viskositas 1780,83 cP, fenolik 1823,99 mg GAE/l, flavonoid 516,92 mg QE/l, IC₅₀ 8825,04 ppm (kategori kuat), dan masih dapat diterima konsumen (4,59 dari skala 7.00 [netral]).