PEMANFAATAN BUBUK AMAZAKE UMBI GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta Lour. Burkill) SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI GULA DALAM PEMBUATAN ROTI [UTILIZATION OF LESSER YAM (Dioscorea esculenta Lour. Burkill) AMAZAKE POWDER AS SUGAR SUBSTITUTE IN BREAD MAKING]

Christopher Imansantoso Rimba, Natania Natania

Abstract


Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta Lour. Burkill), or called as Gembili in Indonesia, is one of the tubers from Dioscorea family. However, utilization of lesser yam is still low in Indonesia. One way to utilize lesser yam is by fermentation. Amazake is a sweet fermented beverage originating from Japan. It is made by utilizing koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae) into rice. Since amazake rich in sugar, it could be utilized as sugar substitute in bread making. Fermenting lesser yam with koji is possible in producing amazake made from lesser yam. Dried lesser yamamazake was size reduced to produce lesser-yam amazake powder as sugar substitute in bread making. Thus, the aim of this research was to analyze whether there are effects in substituting sugar with lesser yam-amazake powder towards physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the bread loaves. Four designated fermentation times (24/48/72/96 hours) were used and analyzed. Based on total sugar content and reducing sugar content, there was significant difference shown at lesser yams that had been fermented for 72 hours while there was no difference in gas production capacity. Thus, 72 hours of fermentation in producing lesser yamamazake powder was used to be utilized in bread making since 1 gram of lesser yam-amazake powder was equivalent with 31 mg of sucrose. As for second research stage, physical and sensory aspects of bread made from sucrose and lesser yam-amazake powder was analyzed to understand the effect of sugar substitution. Lesser yam-amazake powder was found to slightly affect physical characteristics while did not give any differences in sensory evaluation.

 

ABSTRAK

Umbi gembili (Dioscorea esculenta Lour. Burkill) merupakan salah satu umbi dari genus Dioscorea. Namun, pemanfaatan umbi gembili ini masih tergolong rendah di Indonesia. Salah satu cara pemanfaatan umbi gembili adalah dengan fermentasi. Amazake merupakan minuman fermentasi yang berasal dari Jepang dengan bantuan kapang koji (Aspergillus oryzae). Amazake tinggi akan gula sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi gula dalam pembuatan roti. Umbi gembili dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan dasar dalam pembuatan amazake. Amazake umbi gembili yang telah dikeringkan akan melalui proses pengecilan ukuran untuk menghasilkanbubuk amazake yang akan digunakan sebagai substitusi gula dalam pembuatan roti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah ada efek dalam substitusi gula dengan bubuk amazake umbi gembili terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan sensori roti yang dihasilkan. Empat waktu fermentasi (24/48/72/96 jam) digunakan dan dianalisis. Berdasarkan jumlah total gula dan gula pereduksi, terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada umbi gembili yang difermentasi selama 72 jam, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada uji kapasitas produksi gas.  Sehingga, waktu fermentasi terpilih adalah 72 jam, dimana 1 gram bubuk amazake umbi gembili setara dengan 31mg sukrosa. Pada tahap penelitian kedua, karakteristik fisik, kimia dan sensori dari roti yang dibuat menggunakan sukrosa dan bubuk amazake gembili dianalisis untuk mengetahui efek dari substitusi gula. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bubuk amazake gembili sedikit mempengaruhi karakteristik fisik roti namun tidak memberikan perbedaan signifikan pada evaluasi sensori roti.  

Kata kunci: amazake, Aspergillus oryzae, roti, substitusi gula, umbi gembili


Keywords


amazake, Aspergillus oryzae, bread, lesser yam, sugar substitute.

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