FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL-OFF EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% AMPAS TEH

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INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a country that is famous for its rich natural resources, about 30,000 types of plants, and of which there are 7,500 types of medicinal plants. One of the plants that have medicinal properties is the green tea plant. The green tea plant is one of the medicinal plants that have the potential as an anti-acne (Himawan, 2008). The part that can be used as an anti-acne plant is green tea leaves. Green tea leaves function as anti-bacterial because they contain secondary metabolites such as polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins, and catechins) and alkaloids. One of the active substances in green tea leaves is catechin from the flavonoid group which has anti-bacterial activity (Kushiyama et al., 2009). The 96% ethanol extract of green tea pulp contains phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, catechins, steroids, saponins, and quinones (Trisina et al., 2021). The 96% ethanol extract of green tea pulp contains polyphenolic compounds (Bayan & Purwanti, 2019 (Trisina et al., 2021),
In Indonesia, green tea dregs are included in the organic waste which is produced in large quantities and its utilization is not optimal (Saqifah et al., 2010 (Lachman et al., 1994).
Peel-off masks are easy to apply to the face because this peel-off gel mask will form a transparent film layer, and after drying it can be easily peeled off like an elastic membrane (Rahmawanty et al., 2015).
The gel base used is a combination of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) bases (Birck, 2014

Peel-Off Gel Mask Formulation
The concentration of the extract used in the formulation was determined based on the results of a preliminary study on the antibacterial activity of 98% green tea pulp ethanol extract on Staphylococcus aureus, which was 1-4 g (Trisina et al., 2021). The Peel-Off Gel formula can be seen in Table 1.

Stability of Gel Peel-Off Mask
Physical properties testing was undertaken after the peel-off gel mask was ready and carried out at room temperature and storage refrigerator temperature for ten days and tested on days 5 and 10.

a. Visual Appearance Inspection
Physical appearance of the peel-off gel mask formulation was checked visually for color, odor, and appearance (Septiani et al., 2011).

b. pH Test
Measurement was carried out using universal pH paper (Tranggono, 2007).

d. Dry Time Test
As much as 1 gram of each formula is applied to the back of the hand, waited until dry, and formed the even-thin layer.
The time for the peel-off gel mask to dry and establish a film is recorded (Pertiwi, 2012).

e. Spreadability Test
The test is carried out by placing a 1 g sample between two transparent glasses.
Loads of 50 grams and 100 g are placed on top of the peel-off gel mask periodically, allowed to stand for one minute, and the diameter of the gel that spreads is recorded (Izzati, 2014).

Green tea dregs herb extraction
The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method for 3x24 hours using 96% ethanol as solvent. The maceration method is used to avoid the decomposition of chemical substances contained in green tea dregs Simplicia caused by the effect of temperature. The dry weight of green tea dregs Simplicia is 1.470 grams, and the resulting dry extract is 16,08 grams. The yield of 96% ethanol extract of green tea dregs was 8.04% (Table 2).

Tea Dregs Formulation
The peel-off gel mask of 96%   (Rowe et al., 2009), propylene glycol, and glycerin as humectants that can moisturize the skin because they have the power to bind water. The use of two humectants is based on the specific function of each humectant. Propylene glycol will maintain the physical properties and stability of the FaST-Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi e-ISSN 2598-9596 Vol.6, No.2, November 2022 167 peel-off gel mask during storage because of its ability to preserve the water content in the peel-off gel (Allen, 2012), while glycerin from the air can bind water and at moderate temperatures and high humidity can moisturize the skin (Murphy, 1978).
Methylparaben is used to prevent microbial contamination in gel (Rowe et al., 2009).
Ethanol 96% as a solvent for the active substance of green tea dregs extract serves to accelerate the drying of peel-off gel on the skin.

Ethanol Extract Green Tea Dregs a. Visual Appearance Inspection
Organoleptically, the peel-off gel mask of 96% ethanol extract of green tea dregs in Formula 1, Formula 2, and Formula 3 in the initial test were light brown colored resulting from the extract of green tea dregs. All formulas are odorless and have a decent peel-off gel texture.

b. Homogeneity Test
Homogeneity in Formula 1, Formula 2, and Formula 3 look homogeneous with no coarse particles found in the peel-off gel mask.

c. pH Test
The pH test results of the peel-off gel mask extract of 96% ethanol extract of green tea against Formula 1, Formula 2, and Formula 3 resulted in a pH of 6. From the data generated, the pH values of the three peel-off gel formulations of 96% ethanol extract of green tea dregs were still in the normal skin pH requirements of 4.5-6.5. It is better if the gel has a normal skin pH range because it can cause dry skin if the gel is too alkaline and cause skin irritation if it is too acidic (Djajadisastra, 2004).

d. Dry Time Test
The dry time test aims to determine how long it takes the film layer on the peeloff gel to dry on the skin surface.  e-ISSN 2598-9596 Vol.6, No.2, November 2022

e. Spreadability Test
The spreadability test was carried out to see the ability of the peel-off gel to spread over the skin surface (Voight, 1994).
The spreadability test was carried out using a load of 50 grams and 100 grams. The gel is placed on a transparent glass and covered with another transparent glass than in the amount of 50 grams, and 100 grams has placed on the surface of the glass, for one minute, let stand and measure the diameter of the distribution of the gel (Izzati, 2014).
The results of testing the spreadability of the peel-off gel of 96% ethanol extract of green tea waste against Formula 1, Formula 2, and Formula 3 can be seen in Table 2. From the data obtained, the highest dispersion was obtained by Formula 1 at a load of 100 grams, which was 5.9 cm. The test results for peel-off gel in the three formulas still meet the requirements for good dispersion for topical, that is about 5-7 cm (Garg et al., 2002).

Green Tea Dregs
Evaluation of the stability of the peel-off gel mask of 96% ethanol extract of green tea dregs involves organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and dry time. Examination of the physical stability of the three diversity of the formula was checked at room temperature and refrigerator temperature, and stability testing was carried out for the tenth day.
Tests were carried out on the fifth and tenth days.
The results of the stability evaluation of the peel-off gel mask can be seen in Table 3 with variants of PVA 10% and HPMC 2%, PVA 8% and HPMC 3%, and PVA 5% and HPMC 4% having the following characteristics:

a. Visual Appearance Inspection
Organoleptically, the peel-off gel mask of 96% ethanol extract of green tea dregs changed after being stored at room temperature and cold temperature in the refrigerator for the tenth day.

b. Homogeneity Test
The homogeneity test of the three peel-off gel mask formulations showed that all formulations remained homogenous during ten days of storage both at room and refrigerator temperature.

c. pH Test
Results of pH testing of the peel-off gel mask with 96% ethanol extract of green tea dregs for the tenth day at room temperature and refrigerator temperature are as follows in Table 3. One of the necessary things in determining the stability of the peel-off gel mask is pH value. The pH value obtained from testing for ten days at room temperature was unstable because the pH value tent to increase during storage. The three formulas stored at refrigerator temperature showed a relatively stable pH without any change in the pH value. The results of the pH stability test of the three peel-off gel formulations at room temperature on the fifth and tenth day of storage experienced temperature changes. However, the pH test results of the three peel-off gel formulations, both at room temperature and refrigerator temperature, still meet the normal skin pH requirements of 4.5-6.5. Gel should have a normal pH range of the skin because the skin will become dry if it is too alkaline and become irritated if it is too acidic (Djajadisastra, 2004). FaST-Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi e-ISSN 2598-9596 Vol.6, No.2, November 2022

d. Dry Time Test
The results of the dry time test for the peel-off gel mask preparation of 96% ethanol extract of green tea dregs at room and refrigerator temperature for 10 days can be seen in Table 4. The dry time of the gel preparation is influenced by the water content in the preparation and the thickness that is applied, the higher the water content and the thicker the application, the longer the gel preparation time to dry on the skin surface (Vieira et al., 2009).

e. Spreadability Test
The results of testing the spreadability of the mask preparation at room temperature and storage at refrigerator temperature for ten days are presented in Table 5, Table 6, Figure 1, and  e-ISSN 2598-9596 Vol.6, No.2, November 2022  The results of the dispersion test in Formula 3 showed that the tenth-day test at room temperature with a load of 100 grams met the requirements for good dispersibility of the peel-off gel preparation, which was in the range of 5-7 cm (Garg et al., 2002).

FaST-Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi
The spreadability test for ten days showed that the peel-off gel preparation with a load of 100 grams still met the requirements for good dispersibility of the peel-off gel preparation.