THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR, PAST BEHAVIOR, SITUATIONAL FACTORS, AND SELF-IDENTITY FACTORS DRIVE INDONESIAN ENTERPRENEURS TO BE INDEBTEDNESS

This study investigates the factors affecting borrowing intention among young entrepreneur of Indonesia TDA community based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). About 100 questionnaires were accepted and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in determining the relationships. The results show that borrowing intention amongst young entrepreneur of Indonesia TDA community is influenced by attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, self identity, situational temptation, and past behavior. The young entrepreneur of Indonesia TDA community believe that they have complete control of their behavior in borrowing as they perceived to be equipped with the knowledge about the personal financing. In addition, because of their experience in students’ loans since undergraduates’ level, the result explains why situational temptation were found to be a significant predictor. The findings offer implications for researchers and government.

In a qualitative study involving 35 community members TDA in Yogyakarta, 10 (33.33%) who were university graduates, Budiyanti and Pattiro (2012)  behavioral control (Ajzen & Madden, 1986;Ajzen, 1991). The TPB has been used to investigate human behaviors from favorable behaviors (such as physical activity, technology adoption, halal food purchasing) to unfavorable behaviors (such as theft, piracy, and shoplifting).
Atitude toward the behavior is defined as "a person's general feeling of favorableness or unfavorableness for that behavior" (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980;Schifter & Ajzen, 1985;Ajzen & Madden, 1986;Ajzen, 1991). Attitude toward behavior is a function of the product of one's salient belief that performing the behavior will lead to certain outcomes, and an evaluation of the outcomes i.e., rating of the desirability of the outcome. Clark et al. (2001)  should not perform the behavior in question" (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980;Schifter & Ajzen, 1985;Ajzen & Madden, 1986;Ajzen, 1991). Subjective Norm is a function of the product of one's normative belief which is the "person's belief that the salient referent thinks he should (or should not) perform the behavior" (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980;Schifter & Ajzen, 1985;Ajzen & Madden, 1986;Ajzen, 1991), and his/her motivation to comply to that referent.
As the result of research conducted by Budiyanti and Patiro (2012) Perceived facilitation is one's assessment of the importance of those resources to the achievement of outcomes (Ajzen & Madden, 1986). In a research conducted by Budiyanti and Patiro (2102), young entrepreneurs who were members of the Yogyakarta TDA community, has a high level of confidence as the basis of their competence to run their own business.
The confidence arose because of the moral support from friends, family, parents, and the environment (Budiyanti & Patiro, 2012). Thus, if an entrepreneur sees him/her self able to have more control in the loan application process, the more likely he/she will apply for a loan.
H3: Higher perceived behavioral control will correspond with a greater intention to apply for a loan to the bank.

Past Behavior
Conner and Armitage (1998) Therefore, the role of past behavior in forming the intention to apply for a loan to banks will be revealed in this research.
H4: More past applied for loans occurrences will correspond with a greater intention to apply for a loan to the bank.

Self Identity
Self identity refers to salient and enduring aspects of one's self-perception (e.g., "I think of myself as a 'green consumer'; cf. Sparks, 2000). According to identity theory (e.g., Thoits & Virshup, 1997

Sampling
The sample for this research is based

Instrument Measures
Attitude is assessed with items relating to the overall favorableness/unfavorableness of the behavior. As suggested by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), subjects are asked to respond to a question regarding the individual's attitude towards the behavior.
Respondents are presented with the sentence, "Overall, my attitude towards applying for a loan to the bank is:", and semantic differential items are used to answer the question and assess attitude.  (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1967a, 1967b, 1975Schifter & Ajzen, 1985;Ajzen & Madden, 1986;Ajzen, 1991Ajzen, , 2002aAjzen, , 2002b Likert scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" (Ajzen, 1991 "when you were told to enhance business performance," and "when you prepare for a business development"). Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale (1 = not at all tempted, 5 = very much tempted), and a mean score was calculated with higher scores denoting greater temptation to engage in doping.
Self identity. Self-identity describes the social groups or social categories that someone belongs to. Rise (2010) Godin et al. (1996) dan White et al. (2008). Self identity will be measured on a five point scale assessing "I think of my self as a young enterpreneur", "I think of my self as a optimist person", "I think of my self as a liable person, "I think of my self as a honest person" and answered using a five point Likert scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". In total, 4 items assessing self identity are used in this study.
Intention is measured, as suggested by (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975;Ajzen, 1988Ajzen, , 1991Madden & Ellen, 1992;Ajzen, 2005), with a four-item construct answered on a five point scale. The items include "I intend to apply for aloan to the bank in the next month" (definitely do/definitely do not), "I will try to apply for a loan to the bank in the next month" (definitely will/ definitely will not), I plan to apply for a loan to the bank in the next month (definitely true/definitely false) and "I will make an effort to apply for a loan to the bank in the next month" (definitely true/definitely false). In total, 4 items assessing intention are used in this study.

Results and Discussions
To establish construct validity, three components were examined namely unidimensionality, reliability, and validity (O'Leary-Kelly and Vokura, 1998).
An alpha value of 0.7 and above has been used as a lower limit for reliable measures (Nunnaly, 1978). All of the scales were shown to be reliable (with two scales having a CR value above 0.90) ( Table 2).

Structured Equation Modeling
(SEM) analysis was used to evaluate the structural or path model. SEM analysis (Gefen et al., 2000) is used in this analysis for confirming theory. This study utilized the WarpPLS 3 software package to analyze the model. Figure 1 Table 3 is a R 2 value generated in this study. Table 4 is a value criterion Goodness of Fit Indices (GOF) model (Kock, 2013) in this study. Thus, based on the GOF value generated via SEM analysis in this study, it can be concluded that the GOF to this research model is quite good. Table 5 presents the results of testing this hypothesis.  (Lazuras et al., 2009(Lazuras et al., , 2010. Similarly, young enterpreneurs situational temptations were significantly able to explain and predict the direct intention to apply for a loan. According to Budiyanti and Patiro (2012), 66.67% of respondents stated that the factor of "The Power of Kepepet" was the biggest impact to apply for a bank loan for supporting their business development. In line with Tang and Sutarso (2013) that individuals whose strong control against situational temptation could explain and predict their behavioral intentions.
The results also indicate that the young enterpreneurs self identity could not explain and predict the intention to apply for a loan to the bank as a business development efforts. As a result showed by Budiyanti and Patiro (2012), found that the factors whom affected the young enterpreneurs competence are selfconfidence, perseverance, ambition, risktaking, leadership, independent, and creativity. Young enterpreneurs self identity had little influence on his/her intention to apply for a loan to the bank as a business development efforts. It most likely influenced by related factors to its competence according to Budiyanti and Patiro (2012). Sparks (2000) and Rise et al. (2010) state that from the view of reasoned action, self-identity is the external variables that must be mediated by components of TPB model in explaining and predicting the behavioral intention, so that self-identity is not appropriate to have a direct influence on the behavioral intention. Futhermore, Sparks (2000) and Rise et al. (2010) also state, there are two main reasones that self identity does not have a direct influence on the behavioral intention. First, the concept of self identity has overlapped with the concept of attitude toward behavior because self identity is better described as the type of behavior which is the result of behavior and affective outcomes benefits which derived from actual behavior (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993).
Second, the individual understands and sees his/her self based on the conclusions about his/her past behavior through a process of self-perception (Bem, 1972