Bereavement as A Risk Factor for Depression in The Elderly: An Evidence Based Case Report

Authors

  • Dewanto Andoko Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pelita Harapan, Jendral Sudirman Boulevard, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-8148
  • Marshel Timotius Handoko Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pelita Harapan, Jendral Sudirman Boulevard, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811 https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5445-3154
  • Darien Alfa Cipta Department of Psychiatry, Siloam Hospital Lippo Village, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-7826

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19166/med.v14i1.9242

Keywords:

Elderly, Depression, Risk Factors, Bereavement

Abstract

Background: Depression disorder among the elderly population is a serious issue that is often underdetected and undertreated. Depression can lead to functional impairments, which are comparable to or even worse than those in individuals with chronic conditions such as heart and lung diseases. Bereavement is believed to be one of the risk factors for depression in the elderly. This literature search aims to explore bereavement as an etiology of depression in the elderly.

Method: A structured search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases, using tailored keywords aligned with the clinical question to obtain relevant results.

Results: The search and selection process yielded one selected article that was deemed relevant to the case. This article provided a summary of evidence concerning the relationship between bereavement and the emergence of depression diagnosis in the elderly.

Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that bereavement increases the risk of depression in the elderly. However, further studies are still needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying depression in the elderly.

References

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2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2013.

3. Monk TH, Pfoff MK, Zarotney JR. Depression in the spousally bereaved elderly: Correlations with subjective sleep measures. Depress Res Treat. 2013;2013:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/409538

4. Cole MG, Dendukuri N. Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(6):1147–56. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1147

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6. National Cancer Instititute. [Internet]. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; [updated 2022 Aug 1. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/bereavement.html.

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Published

2024-10-28

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): October

Section

Case Report

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Dewanto Andoko, Marshel Timotius Handoko, Darien Alfa Cipta

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